Full-scale classification of microbial community, ARGs and their interactions of biofilm formed on various pipes in DHWS

This study aimed to explore the early stage of biofilm formation process on frequently used pipe materials in domestic hot water system (DHWS). The dynamics of microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during biofilm development, as well as their interactions were investigated. This study shed new lights on ensuring the biosafety of DHWS.