SNPs derived from a common garden experiment across the biogeographic range of <em>Kelletia kelletii</em>

Signals of natural selection can be quickly eroded in high gene-flow systems, severely challenging efforts to understand how and when genetic adaptation occurs in the ocean. This long-standing, unresolved topic in ecology has renewed importance because rapidly changing environmental conditions are driving range expansions that, in many cases, necessitate rapid evolutionary responses. Kellet’s whelk expanded its biogeographic range in the 1980s and is readily adapting to novel conditions in its expanded range. To test for genetic adaptation in a coastal marine species with high dispersal potential, we performed a series of crosses on Kellet's whelk (Kelletia kelletii) collected from its historical and recently colonized range, and conducted RNA-Seq on offspring that we reared in a common garden environment. We identified 2,770 differentially expressed genes between 54 samples with historical-range and expanded-range ancestry. Using SNPs called directly from the differentially expressed g..., Using SCUBA, we collected adult Kellet’s whelks by hand from sub-tidal (approximately 15 m depth) locations across California (Figure 1A, CDFW SCP #8018 to C.W.). Adult whelks from three locations: Monterey (MON, north of Point Conception; 36.6181670 N, 121.89 W), Naples (NAP, just south of Point Conception; 34.4219670 N, 119.952283 W), and Point Loma (POL, Southern California; 32.665333 N, 117.261517 W) were used in our main experimental cross (described below). Additionally, adult whelks from Diablo Canyon (DIC in the expanded range; 35.22445 N, 120.877483 W) were collected and used to validate the results of the main experimental cross.&nbsp;&nbsp; We acclimated 40 individuals each from MON, NAP, and POL in common garden aquaria using the flow-through filtered seawater system at the California Polytechnic State University Research Pier in Avila, California (35.169817 N, 120.740838 W). Additionally, an experimental reciprocal cross between MON and NAP was created with 7 individuals fr..., , # SNPs derived from a common garden experiment across the biogeographic range of *Kelletia kelletii* [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18s3](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qbzkh18s3) Included here are unfiltered VCF files associated with the publication \"Genetic adaptation despite high gene flow in a range-expanding population\" in Molecular Ecology. SNPs are called from RNA-Seq reads of samples reared in a common garden. ## Description of the data and file structure We have provided VCF files for two datasets associated with the study: one for All-SNPs (kw_allsnps.vcf) and one for DEGs-SNPs (kw_degsnps.vcf). The All-SNPs dataset contains SNPs identified throughout the entire transcriptome, representing the full range of genetic variation detected in the samples. In contrast, the DEGs-SNPs dataset includes only the SNPs located within differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which are genes showing significant expression differences between Kellet's whelks from the expanded range ver...,