Environmentally Relevant Low Concentrations of Microplastic Exposure in Early Life Elevated Cadmium Exposure from Rice Consumption through Stimulating Lactobacillus and Altering Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Gut of Mice

Infancy is a sensitive window for detrimental environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and emerging contaminants such as microplastics. Studies have assessed human exposure to rice-Cd and microplastics and associated health risks separately, while it is relatively unknown whether microplastic co-exposure significantly affects the Cd exposure risk associated with rice consumption.