Dataset for Three-dimensional density structure underneath the Marius Hills volcanic complex on the Moon

Marius Hills, situated in the central Oceanus Procellarum on the nearside of the Moon, is a significant volcanic complex on the Moon, characterized by hundreds of domes and cones. Understanding its density structure is essential for enhancing our knowledge of lunar volcanic activity and its evolutionary history, yet it remains controversial. To investigate the density structure beneath Marius Hills, this study developed a new gravity inversion method based on the L1 norm and total variation regularization in spherical coordinates. We validate the new method through a synthetic model test. We then applied it to the inversion of gravity data derived from the GRAIL mission in Marius Hills. Our inversion results reveal two distinct high-density anomalies in the northern and southern parts of Marius Hills. The northern anomaly is located at 14-29 km depth directly beneath the shield volcano of Marius Hills, with a density contrast of ~620 kg/m³ and a volume of about 60×60×15 km³. The southern anomaly exhibits a density contrast of ~440 kg/m³ and a size of 75×75×15 km³ at depths of 18-33 km. These two dense anomalies are likely solidified basaltic magma chambers situated near the crust-mantle boundary, serving as magma sources for the volcanic activities observed in Marius Hills.位于月球近侧风暴洋（Oceanus Procellarum）中部的马里乌斯丘陵（Marius Hills）是月球上一处重要的火山复合体，以发育数百座穹丘与锥状火山为典型特征。探明其密度结构，对于深化我们对月球火山活动及其演化历史的认知至关重要，但目前学界对该区域的密度结构仍存在争议。为探究马里乌斯丘陵下方的密度结构，本研究提出了一种基于球坐标系下L1范数（L1 norm）与总变分正则化（total variation regularization）的新型重力反演方法。我们通过合成模型试验验证了该新方法的有效性。随后将该方法应用于马里乌斯丘陵区域重力回溯及内部结构实验室（GRAIL）任务获取的重力数据反演工作中。本次反演结果显示，马里乌斯丘陵南北部各存在一处显著的高密度异常体。北部异常体位于马里乌斯丘陵盾状火山正下方14~29千米深度处，密度反差约为620 kg/m³，体积约为60×60×15 km³。南部异常体的密度反差约为440 kg/m³，体积为75×75×15 km³，分布深度为18~33千米。这两处高密度异常体很可能是位于壳幔边界附近的固化玄武岩岩浆房，可作为马里乌斯丘陵观测到的火山活动的岩浆源区。