Replication Data for: DISABILITY DATA

According to World Health Organisation (WHO) disability can be defined as, “an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restriction. Impairment is a problem in the body function or structure. An activity limitation is the difficulty encountered by an individual in executing some task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situation. Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives”. Disability is caused by diseases, malnutrition, incorrect treatment or non-treatment, physical or mental violence and war, accidents due to inadequate protection at the workplace and in traffic situations and increasingly age related diseases. In developed countries, the proportion of people with disabilities ranges from 10 per cent to 20 per cent of total population and the prevalence of disability in developing countries is reported to be 1 per cent to 2 per cent of the population. This wide variation is attributable to the varied definitions of persons with disabilities, differences in the method of data collection and resource allocation at the country levels. Persons living with disabilities face multiple barriers to their participation, due to injustice on the basis of other grounds, including race, color, sex, language, religion, political, national, ethnic, social origin, property, birth and age. As a result, persons with disabilities are at a high risk of poverty, which in itself increases the likelihood of having a disability. Persons with disabilities are considered as the world’s largest minority. They are more likely to live in poverty than their non-disabled peers, a small portion of governmental allocation will not be sufficient to uplift the social and economic conditions of differently abled people. The capacity building and overall development of differently abled persons in par with their non-disabled counterparts and their social inclusion in all developmental activities can be ensured by proper addressing of their problems. This can be achieved by proper research works and proper academic discussions.世界卫生组织（World Health Organisation, WHO）对残疾的定义如下："残疾是涵盖损伤、活动受限与参与限制的总括性术语。损伤指身体功能或结构存在的问题；活动受限是指个体在执行某项任务或动作时遭遇的困难；而参与限制则是个体在参与生活情境时遇到的障碍。因此，残疾是一种复杂的现象，反映了个体身体特征与其所处社会特征之间的相互作用。" 残疾可由疾病、营养不良、治疗不当或未接受治疗、躯体或精神暴力与战争、工作场所及交通场景中防护不足导致的事故，以及日益增多的与年龄相关的疾病引发。 在发达国家，残疾人群体占总人口的10%至20%；而据报告，发展中国家的残疾患病率为总人口的1%至2%。这种显著差异源于各国对残疾人群体的定义各不相同，数据收集方法以及资源分配情况也存在国别差异。 残疾人群体因种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治立场、国籍、族裔、社会出身、财产状况、出生身份与年龄等其他因素遭遇的不公，面临参与社会活动的多重障碍。因此，残疾人群体面临极高的贫困风险，而贫困本身又会提升罹患残疾的可能性。 残疾人群体被视为全球最大的少数群体。相较于非残疾同龄人，他们更有可能生活在贫困之中，仅占政府拨款极小比例的资金不足以改善残疾人群的社会与经济状况。 唯有针对性解决残疾人群体的问题，才能推动其与非残疾群体同等的能力建设与全面发展，并确保他们能全面融入各项发展活动。而这一目标的实现，有赖于扎实的研究工作与充分的学术研讨。