Teichoic Acids from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 Negatively Regulate Host Inflammatory Responses

The present study defines the negative impact of TAs from AR113 on the inflammatory response. Reducing TA production enhances the immunomodulatory effects of AR113 both in vitro and in vivo. Among the TAs, LTA and D-Ala exhibit distinct effects on the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, whereas WTA does not. In the context of colitis symptoms, LTA from AR113 contributes more significantly than WTA to inflammatory responses, particularly through the D-Ala branches in the LTA structure of AR113. Additionally, TAs produced by AR113 mediate colitis exclusively via immune-inflammatory pathways, and the intestinal barrier- protective effects of AR113 are independent of TAs.