New stimulation methodology for deep geothermal energy recoveries: Renewable energy

This thesis presents an innovative and environmentally responsible stimulation method for geothermal energy recovery using a novel, ultra-stable CO₂ foam. Developed with surfactants, polymers, and nanoparticles, the foam was evaluated under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. Through combined experimental and numerical investigations, the study compares its performance with water and supercritical CO₂ in both open-loop and closed-loop systems, including application in the Habanero reservoir. Results show enhanced fracture efficiency, reduced water usage, and improved thermal output. These findings provide a breakthrough pathway for academia, industry, and investors seeking scalable, low-emission solutions in next-generation geothermal energy development.