Model selection for species specific intensity of use <i>ψ</i> models, where covariates indicate camera site-specific values of average 250-meter Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), slope angle (slope), elevation (elev), terrain ruggedness (rugged), distance to nearest herder’s camp (camp).

For snow leopard and wolf models, ‘ibex’ and ‘argali’ covariates were binaries indicating detection/non-detection of those species at a camera site. For each species model set, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scores consider both model complexity (No. of Parameters) and likelihood. Calculated relative to the lowest scoring or “best” model for each species, ΔAIC < 2 indicates the best supported models.