Transcriptional changes in PC12 cells induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in MSCs-inhibited inflammatory conditions

Neuronal death is the primary cause of poor outcomes in cerebral ischemia. The Inflammatory infiltration in the early phase of ischemic stroke plays a vital role in triggering neuronal death. Either transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from humans or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have respectively proved to be neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in cerebral ischemia. However, either treatment above has its limitations. Whether these two therapies have synergistic effects on improving neurological function and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.Using an in vitro model of PC12 nerve cell co-culture with MSCs, we demonstrated a transcriptional response pattern, including REST, in which rTMS inhibited PANoptosis of PC12 cells in a low-inflammation environment induced by MSCs. This molecular investigation is helpful in providing a basis for sorting out the complex molecular mechanism of combination of rTMS and MSCs in treating ischemic stroke. Overall design: Gene expression microarray analysis of 20 sequential in vitro PC12 cells from four deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), four mesenchymal stem cells (OGD/R+MSCs), and four MSCs+rTMS (OGD/R+MSCs+rTMS) at the 48 hours time point after either MSCs and/or 10Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment.