Supporting data for "The Role of Planar Cell Polarity in Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis"

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a fundamental mechanism that provides directional information to ensure coordinated cellular behaviors in a group of cells. It plays a vital role in the development and function of a multitude of organs such as brain, inner ear, and skin. We found that the core PCP protein Vangl2 is abundantly expressed in mammary epithelial cells, exhibiting an asymmetric distribution. Our data reveals that the genetic ablation of Vangl2, along with its homologue Vangl1, results in a significant impairment of mammary gland morphogenesis, indicating their critical roles in this biological process. Notably, both Vangl1 and Vangl2 are highly expressed in mammary tumors and have been linked to a negative prognosis in breast cancer patients. Interestingly, we found that genetic ablation of Vangl1 and Vangl2 in cancer cells or in a spontaneous breast cancer PyMT mouse model does not influence the primary tumor growth, but markedly inhibits cancer metastasis. Prior research has shown that metastasis, a lethal factor in breast cancer progression, is strongly associated with the presence of circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters in the bloodstream. However, the factors modulating the abundance of these CTC clusters remain largely unclear. Our results suggested that Vangl1 and Vangl2 play a significant role in promoting breast cancer metastasis by modulating the formation of CTC clusters within the bloodstream, by regulating the expression of laminin. Collectively, our findings unveil an important function of PCP in both mammary gland development and tumorigenesis.This dataset contains the raw data for the above project.

平面细胞极性（PCP）是一种基本的机制，它为细胞群提供方向性信息，以确保细胞行为的协调一致。该机制在众多器官如大脑、内耳和皮肤的发展与功能中扮演着至关重要的角色。我们发现核心PCP蛋白Vangl2在乳腺上皮细胞中大量表达，呈现非对称分布。我们的数据揭示，Vangl2及其同源蛋白Vangl1的基因敲除会导致乳腺形态发生显著障碍，表明它们在此生物学过程中的关键作用。值得注意的是，Vangl1和Vangl2在乳腺肿瘤中高度表达，并与乳腺癌患者的负面预后相关。有趣的是，我们发现Vangl1和Vangl2在癌细胞或自发性乳腺癌PyMT小鼠模型中的基因敲除并不影响原发肿瘤的生长，但显著抑制了肿瘤的转移。先前的研究表明，转移是乳腺癌进展中的致命因素，与血液中循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）簇的存在密切相关。然而，调节这些CTC簇丰度的因素仍大部分不明确。我们的研究结果提示，Vangl1和Vangl2通过调节层粘连蛋白的表达，在血液中CTC簇的形成中发挥重要作用，从而在促进乳腺癌转移中扮演显著角色。总之，我们的研究揭示了PCP在乳腺发育和肿瘤发生中的重要作用。本数据集包含了上述项目的原始数据。