HaNi: A Historical dataset of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs to the terrestrial biosphere (1860-2019)

Excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to the biosphere have disrupted the global nitrogen cycle. To better quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of anthropogenic N enrichments, assess their impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of the planet and other living organisms, and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable development, we develop a comprehensive and synthetic dataset for anthropogenic N inputs to the terrestrial biosphere. This Harmonized Anthropogenic N Inputs (HaNi) dataset takes advantage of different data sources in a spatiotemporally consistent way to generate a set of high-resolution gridded N input products from the preindustrial to present (1860-2019). The HaNi dataset includes annual rates of synthetic N fertilizer, manure application/deposition, and atmospheric N deposition in cropland, pasture, and rangeland at 5-arcmin. Specifically, the N inputs are categorized, according to the N forms and the land use, as 1) NH4-N fertilizer applied to cropland, 2) NO3-N fertilizer applied to cropland, 3) NH4-N fertilizer applied to pasture, 4) NO3-N fertilizer applied to pasture, 5) manure N application on cropland, 6) manure N application on pasture, 7) manure N deposition on pasture, 8) manure N deposition on rangeland, 9) NHx-N deposition, and 10) NOy-N deposition. The total anthropogenic N (TN) inputs to global terrestrial ecosystems increased from 29.05 Tg N yr-1 in the 1860s to 267.23 Tg N yr-1 in the 2010s, with the dominant N source changing from atmospheric N deposition (before the 1900s) to manure N (the 1910s-2000s), and to synthetic fertilizer in the 2010s. The proportion of synthetic NH4-N fertilizer increased from 64% in the 1960s to 90% in the 2010s, while synthetic NO3-N fertilizer decreased from 36% in the 1960s to 10% in the 2010s. Hotspots of TN inputs shifted from Europe and North America to East and South Asia during the 1960s-2010s. Such spatial and temporal dynamics captured by the HaNi dataset are expected to facilitate a comprehensive assessment of the coupled human-earth system and address a variety of social welfare issues, such as climate-biosphere feedback, air pollution, water quality, and biodiversity.

人类活动向生物圈输入的过量氮素（N），已扰乱全球氮循环。为更精准量化人为氮富集的时空分布格局，评估其对地球生物地球化学循环及其他生物的影响，并提升氮素利用效率（NUE）以推动可持续发展，我们构建了一套针对陆地生物圈人为氮输入的综合性合成数据集。本标准化人为氮输入（Harmonized Anthropogenic N Inputs, HaNi）数据集以时空一致性的方式整合多源数据，生成了覆盖工业化前至当代（1860-2019年）的一套高分辨率网格化氮输入产品。HaNi数据集以5角分（arcmin）的空间分辨率，涵盖农田、牧场与草原的合成氮肥、粪肥施用/沉积以及大气氮沉降的年输入速率。具体而言，本数据集依据氮素形态与土地利用类型，将人为氮输入划分为10类：1）农田施用的铵态氮肥（NH4-N）；2）农田施用的硝态氮肥（NO3-N）；3）牧场施用的铵态氮肥（NH4-N）；4）牧场施用的硝态氮肥（NO3-N）；5）农田粪肥氮施用；6）牧场粪肥氮施用；7）牧场粪肥氮沉积；8）草原粪肥氮沉积；9）NHx-N沉降；10）NOy-N沉降。全球陆地生态系统的人为氮输入总量（TN）已从19世纪60年代的29.05太克氮·年⁻¹（Tg N yr⁻¹）增长至21世纪10年代的267.23太克氮·年⁻¹；其中主导氮源先后发生转变：1900年前以大气氮沉降为主，1910年代至2000年代转为粪肥氮，21世纪10年代则变为合成氮肥。合成铵态氮肥（NH4-N）的占比从20世纪60年代的64%升至21世纪10年代的90%，而合成硝态氮肥（NO3-N）的占比则从20世纪60年代的36%降至21世纪10年代的10%。20世纪60年代至21世纪10年代期间，人为氮输入总量的热点区域已从欧洲与北美转移至东亚与南亚。HaNi数据集所捕捉到的这类时空动态特征，有望助力人类-地球耦合系统的综合评估，并解决气候-生物圈反馈、空气污染、水质保护与生物多样性保护等诸多社会福祉相关问题。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

HaNi数据集是一个高分辨率的全球人为氮输入历史数据集，涵盖了1860-2019年间的合成氮肥、粪便施用和大气氮沉积等多种氮输入类型。数据集揭示了氮输入的主要来源从大气氮沉积转变为粪便氮，再到合成肥料的变化趋势，并记录了热点区域从欧美转移到东亚和南亚的空间动态。