JDS-Supplementary material

The relationship between the isolation habitats of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains and their specific functional phenotypes remain insufficiently understood. Our findings revealed significant variations in functional phenotypes among different habitats-derived strains. Specifically, strains isolated from fermented grape must showed significantly greater bile acid deconjugation ability, while those from fermented dairy products exhibited significantly higher angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity during soymilk fermentation but lower phenyllactic acid production from phenylpyruvic acid. These results highlight the influence of isolation habitat on the functional properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains and provide insights into the target selection of strains with desired functional properties.