4D X-ray computed tomography for gradient membrane-based high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

This study focuses on optimizing the performance and durability of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). Challenges such as compromised mechanical properties and limited proton conductivity hinder their practical application. Recently, we have developed a novel manufacturing approach by combining Polybenzimidazole (PBI) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) membranes using a dual-nozzle spray coating method, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance and durability. However, the study of fuel cells on processing, performance and structure remains fragmented. Real-time CT monitoring of the gradient membrane will enable to bridge the gap and generate a 4D multiphysics model that includes morphological evolutions, such as acid leaching, catalyst migration, membrane surface defects, and catalyst cracks initiation and propagation. The actual 4D (3D+time) geometric model enables multi-physics simulations.