Data from: Contrasting processes drive ophiuroid phylodiversity across shallow and deep seafloors

Our knowledge of the distribution and evolution of deep-sea life is
limited, impeding our ability to identify priority areas for conservation.
Here we analyse, for the first time, large integrated phylogenomic and
distributional datasets of seafloor fauna from sea surface to abyss and
equator to pole of the Southern Hemisphere for an entire class of
invertebrates (Ophiuroidea). We find that latitudinal diversity gradients
are assembled through contrasting evolutionary processes for shallow
(0-200 m) and deep (> 200 m) seas. The shallow-water
tropical-temperate realm broadly reflects a tropical
diversification-driven process but with exchange in both directions.
Diversification rates are reversed for the realm containing the deep sea
and Antarctica, being highest at polar and lowest at tropical latitudes,
and net exchange is from high to low latitudes. The tropical upper bathyal
(200-700 m deep), with its rich ancient phylodiversity, is characterised
by relatively low diversification and moderate immigration rates.
Conversely, the young specialised Antarctic fauna is inferred to be
rebounding from regional extinction associated with the rapid cooling of
polar waters over the mid-Cenozoic.