LL-37 induces apoptotic cell death in human urothelial cells (HUCs).

Cultured HUCs were treated with LL-37 for 15 min at 37°C. HUCs were then collected and labeled with annexin V-FITC (shown in green) and 7-AAD (shown in red). A, Fluorescence microscopy shows the increased number of apoptotic cells in LL-37 treated HUCs (magnification 10x). B, Flow cytometry analysis of HUCs shows that LL-37 induces apoptotic cell death at ≥ 10 µM or higher concentrations of LL-37. *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 by Dunnet’s t-test.