Large-Ensemble Recharge Oscillator Simulation Data
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README: RO Parameter Ensemble Simulation DataVersion 1, April 10, 2026 Author: Sooman Han (sooman.han@yale.edu) 1. Description This dataset contains ensemble simulations of a Recharge Oscillator (RO) model designed to quantify the magnitude of internal variability, estimate the number of ensemble members required to suppress such variability, and assess whether forced changes can be detected in its presence. The numerical code used for these simulations was previously archived as “ENSO Recharge Oscillator: Parameter Sweep Simulation Code,” supporting the study “Realistic ENSO Dynamics Requires a Damped Nonlinear Recharge Oscillator,” available at: https://zenodo.org/records/16888262 The dataset includes the following simulation cases: - Case 1: fixed parameters- Case 2: a 20% per century increase in R_0- Case 3: a 20% per century increase in F_1 Each case contains time series of temperature (T) and thermocline depth (h) anomalies for 5,000 ensemble members. Each ensemble member spans 3,600 months (300 years), with output saved at monthly cadence. The simulations were integrated using the Euler–Maruyama scheme with a timestep of 0.01 second. For further details of the model formulation, see Han et al. (2026). 2. File description simul_{simul_num}.txt This file contains the simulated time series of T and h. Format:- 2 columns: T, h 3. Reference Han, S., A. V. Fedorov, and J. Vialard, 2025: Realistic ENSO Dynamics Requires a Damped Nonlinear Recharge Oscillator. Journal of Climate, 39(1), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0250.1
