Studies included in the meta-analysis.

PCa, Prostate cancer; NR, Not reported.*Publication year;†Country of study conducted;‡Cohort studies;§Case-control studies.∥a, systematic use of lovastatin vs. SEER data; b, any use of statin vs. use of bile acid-binding resins; c, use of statins vs. no use of statins; d, current use of statins vs. no current use of statins; e, any use of statins vs. no use of statins; f, systematic use of statins vs. general population; g, ever use of statins vs. no use of statins; h, use of statins vs. use of anti-hypertensives; i, current use of cholesterol-lowering drugs vs. never use of cholesterol-lowering drugs.¶A, self-reported; B, medical records; C, prescription database.#1, age; 2, race; 3, diabetes mellitus; 4, BMI; 5, NSAID use; 6, education; 7, elevated cholesterol; 8, history of PSA testing; 9, cardiovascular disease; 10, family history of prostate cancer; 11, use of diuretics; 12, use of calcium channel blockers; 13, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; 14, use of angiotensin receptor blockers; 15, use of metformin; 16, use of sulfonylureas; 17, use of insulin; 18, alcohol use; 19, smoking; 20, height; 21, major ancestry; 22, vasectomy; 23, vigorous physical activity; 24, aspirin use; 25, total energy intake; 26, intakes of calcium, fructose, a-linolenic acid, tomato sauce, red meat, fish, supplemental zinc, and high intake of vitamin E; 27, use of other lipid-lowering drugs; 28, use of cardiovascular drugs; 29, use of hormones; 30, prior hospitalisation; 31, chronic disease score; 32, frequency of physician visits; 33, previous neoplasm; 34, use of fibric acids; 35, calendar period of PSA screening; 36, propensity score; 37, cancer; 38, dementia; 39, hypertension; 40, use of 5-α reductase inhibitors; 41, use of α-blockers; 42, follow-up period; 43, study center; 44, interview year; 45, clinical stage and biopsy gleason score; 46, weight; 47, thyroid disease; 48, renal failure; 49, chest pain; 50, mental illness; 51, lung disease; 52, gastro-intestinal disease; 53,number of cores taken; 54, prostate volume; 55, benign prostatic hyperplasia; 56, matching variables.