Archival Version

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In the late 1970s, the law enforcement community called for a thorough evaluative study of the UCR with the objective of recommending an expanded and enhanced UCR program to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. The FBI fully concurred with the need for an updated program to meet contemporary needs and provided its support, formulating a comprehensive redesign effort. Following a multiyear study, a "Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program" was developed. Using the "Blueprint," and in consultation with local and state law enforcement executives, the FBI formulated new guidelines for the Uniform Crime Reports. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) was implemented to meet these guidelines. NIBRS data are archived at ICPSR as 13 separate data files per year, which may be merged by using linkage variables. The data focus on a variety of aspects of a crime incident. Part 4, Administrative Segment, offers data on the incident, itself (date and time). Each crime incident is delineated by one administrative segment record. Also provided are Part 5, Offense Segment (offense type, location, weapon use, and bias motivation), Part 6, Property Segment (type of property loss, property description, property value, drug type and quantity), Part 7, Victim Segment (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and injuries), Part 8, Offender Segment (age, sex, and race), and Part 9, Arrestee Segment (arrest date, age, sex, race, and weapon use). The Batch Header Segment (Parts 1-3) separates and identifies individual police agencies by Originating Agency Identifier (ORI). Batch Header information, which is contained on three records for each ORI, includes agency name, geographic location, and population of the area. Part 10, Group B Arrest Report Segment, includes arrestee data for Group B crimes. Window Segments files (Parts 11-13) pertain to incidents for which the complete Group A Incident Report was not submitted to the FBI. In general, a Window Segment record will be generated if the incident occurred prior to January 1 of the previous year or if the incident occurred prior to when the agency started NIBRS reporting. As with the UCR, participation in NIBRS is voluntary on the part of law enforcement agencies. The data are not a representative sample of crime in the United States.国家事件报告系统（National Incident-Based Reporting System，NIBRS）是由美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation，FBI）管理的统一犯罪报告项目（Uniform Crime Reporting Program，UCR）的组成部分。20世纪70年代末，执法界呼吁对UCR开展全面评估研究，旨在提出扩容升级后的UCR方案，以满足21世纪的执法需求。FBI完全认同更新该项目以适配当代执法需求的必要性，并提供支持，启动了全面的重新设计工作。经过多年研究，《统一犯罪报告项目未来蓝图》（Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program）正式制定。依托该蓝图，并与地方及州级执法高管磋商后，FBI为统一犯罪报告制定了全新规范。国家事件报告系统（NIBRS）正是为契合这些规范而推出的。 NIBRS数据每年以13个独立数据文件的形式存档于校际政治与社会研究联合会（Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research，ICPSR），可通过链接变量进行合并。该数据集聚焦犯罪事件的多个维度：第4部分“行政分段”提供事件本身的相关数据（如案发日期与时间），每起犯罪事件均由一条行政分段记录界定。此外还包含：第5部分“犯罪分段”（涵盖犯罪类型、案发地点、武器使用情况及偏见动机）、第6部分“财产分段”（财产损失类型、财产描述、财产价值、毒品类型与数量）、第7部分“受害者分段”（年龄、性别、种族、族裔及受伤情况）、第8部分“犯罪者分段”（年龄、性别及种族），以及第9部分“被捕者分段”（被捕日期、年龄、性别、种族及武器使用情况）。 批次标题分段（第1至3部分）通过原始机构标识符（Originating Agency Identifier，ORI）区分并标识各个执法机构。每个ORI对应三条记录的批次标题信息，包含机构名称、地理位置及所在区域的人口规模。第10部分“B组逮捕报告分段”涵盖B组犯罪的被捕者数据。窗口分段文件（第11至13部分）涉及未向FBI提交完整A组事件报告的案件。通常而言，若事件发生于上一年1月1日之前，或发生于该机构启动NIBRS报告流程之前，则会生成窗口分段记录。与UCR一致，执法机构自愿参与NIBRS项目。该数据并非美国犯罪情况的代表性样本。