OPLS-DA model statistics.

*High CV-ANOVA value for control-formula model indicates lack of a good OPLS-DA model for the separation of control and formula sample sets due to the lack of statistically significant difference.†R2Y and Q2 values close to 1 for control-treated and formula treated models indicate significant differences in the metabolite profiles between the sample sets. Absence of statistically significant differences between control and formula samples is shown by low R2Y and Q2 values for the all class and control-formula models. These results indicate that changes in the metabolic profiles are mainly due to 2,4-D rather than the formula ingredients in the formulation.OPLS-DA model statistics.