Tracks for Egyptian fruit bats included in the field manipulation for testing the use of the communal roost as an information center hypothesis

According to the Information Centre Hypothesis (ICH), colonial species use social information in roosts to locate ephemeral resources. Validating the ICH necessitates showing that uninformed individuals follow informed ones to the new resource. However, this following behavior may not be essential when individuals memorize the resources’ locations. For instance, Egyptian fruit bats forage on spatially predictable trees, but some bear fruit at unpredictable times. These circumstances suggest an alternative ICH pathway in which bats learn when fruits emerge from social cues in the roost but then use spatial memory to locate them without following conspecifics. Here, using a unique field manipulation and high-frequency tracking data, we test for this alternative pathway: We introduced bats smeared with the fruit odor of the unpredictably fruiting Ficus sycomorus trees to the roost, when they bore no fruits, and then tracked the movement of conspecifics exposed to the manipulated social cue. As predicted, bats visited the F. sycomorus trees with significantly higher probabilities than during routine foraging trips (of >200 bats). Our results show how the integration of spatial memory and social cues leads to efficient resource tracking and highlight the value of using large movement datasets and field experiments in behavioral ecology.

Methods
Movement tracks of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) that were exposed to a manipulation introducing an odor cue of a newly emerging fruit (Ficus sycomorus), by releasing bats smeared with fruit pulp into the cave-roost. The tracks were collected using the ATLAS reverse-GPS system (see Nathan et al. 2022, Toledo et al. 2020), in the Hula Valley, Israel. The provided tracks underwent basic filtering for localization errors (see Gupte et al. 2022, Lourie et al. 2021) but were not segmented to separate commutes.