The association between metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

We performed this meta-analysis to assess the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We conducted extensive searches on the PubMed, Science and Cochrane Library to identify all articles. Outcomes including annual prostate growth rate, prostate volume (PV), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS sub-scores (voiding and storage), prostate- specific antigen (PSA), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR) and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. 21 studies with 15,317 patients were included. Patients with MetS had higher annual prostate growth rate [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.79; <i>p</i> &lt; .001], larger PV (WMD = 2.62; <i>p</i> &lt; .001), lower Qmax (WMD = −0.48; <i>p</i> = .001) and more PVR (WMD = 8.28; <i>p</i> &lt; .001). However, no significant differences were found between two groups in IPSS (WMD = 0.20; <i>p</i> = .37), IPSS-voiding (WMD = −0.05; <i>p</i> = .78), IPSS-storage (WMD = −0.22; <i>p</i> = .26), PSA (WMD = 0.04; <i>p</i> = .43), and QoL (WMD = −0.01; <i>p</i> = .70). The study suggested that MetS may be one of the risk factors for the clinical progress of BPH. However, further study is warranted to support these results.