Eurobarometer 90.4 (2018)

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study the following modules are included: 1. Attitudes of Europeans towards biodiversity, 2. Public perception of illicit tobacco trade, 3. Awareness and perceptions of EU customs, 4. Perceptions of antisemitism.<br>Topics: 1. Attitudes of Europeans towards biodiversity: awareness of the term ‘biodiversity‘; most important reasons to halt the loss of biodiversity: moral obligation, significance of biodiversity for well-being and health, importance for the production of goods, importance for the long-term economic development, indispensable to tackle climate change; most important threats to biodiversity; prioritized EU measures to protect biodiversity; awareness of the Natura 2000 network; most important roles of nature protection areas; attitude towards prioritization of nature protection areas over economic development.

2. Public perception of illicit tobacco trade: smoking status; frequency of smoking traditional cigarettes; offers to buy or smoke black market cigarettes; place of offer; price reduction of black market cigarettes compared to legal cigarettes (in percent); self-rated ability to distinguish black market package from legal package; main reasons for smoking black market cigarettes; most important sources of revenue for organized crime; main problems of the black market in cigarettes.

3. Awareness and perceptions of EU customs: enumeration of activities of EU customs authorities; knowledge test on EU customs: controls passports at borders, also acts on behalf of other government agencies at EU borders, checks goods crossing borders between EU member states, obligation to pay customs duties on goods from outside the EU only once when imported into the EU; self-rated knowledge on selected aspects regarding the EU Customs Union and the activities of EU customs; prioritized activities of EU customs.

4. Perceptions of antisemitism: friendship or acquaintance with: people of different ethnic origin, Jews, Muslims, Christians, people of other religions; personal belonging to one of the following minorities: ethnic, religious, sexual, disabled, other, none; religious affiliation; assessment of antisemitism as a problem in the own country; assessment of the development of antisemitism in the own country over the last five years; assessment of the following situations as a serious problem in the own country: antisemitic graffiti or vandalism of Jewish buildings or institutions, physical attacks against Jewish people, expressions of hostility towards Jewish people in the street, antisemitism in the media, antisemitism in political life, antisemitism on the internet, antisemitism in schools and universities, Holocaust denial, desecration of Jewish cemeteries; assessment of the informedness of the people in the own country about Jewish culture; extent of the impact of Middle East conflicts on the perception of Jewish people in the own country; knowledge test on existing laws in the own country with regard to: incitement to violence or hatred against Jewish people, denial of the Holocaust; assessment of the extent of school teaching on the Holocaust in the own country as appropriate.

Demography: age; nationality; left-right self-placement; marital status; sex; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community; household composition and household size; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; possession of durable goods (entertainment electronics, internet connection, possession of a car, a flat/a house have finished paying for or still paying for); financial difficulties during the last year; internet use (at home, at work, at school); self-reported belonging to the working class, the middle class or the upper class of society; life satisfaction; frequency of discussions about political matters on national, European, and local level; own voice counts in the own country and in the EU; general direction things are going in the own country, in the EU, and in the USA; opinion leadership; EU image.

Additionally coded was: respondent ID; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; number of persons present during the interview; respondent cooperation; size of locality; region; language of the interview; nation group; weighting factor.