Yorkshire Water Drinking Water Quality 2025

Data History Data Origin These samples were taken from customer taps. They were then analysed for water quality, and the results were uploaded to a database. This dataset is an extract from this database. Data Triage Considerations Granularity We decided to share as individual results as the lowest level of granularity. Anonymisation It is a requirement that this data cannot be used to identify a singular person or household. We discussed many options for aggregating the data to a specific geography to ensure this requirement is met. The following geographical aggregations were discussed: Water Supply Zone (WSZ) - Limits interoperability with other datasets. Postcode – Some postcodes contain very few households and may not offer necessary anonymisation. Postal Sector – Deemed not granular enough in highly populated areas. Rounded Co-ordinates – Not a recognised standard and may cause overlapping areas. MSOA – Deemed not granular enough. LSOA – Agreed as a recognised standard appropriate for England and Wales. Data Zones – Agreed as a recognised standard appropriate for Scotland. Preferred: Geospatial to LSOA. Why is Geospatial to LSOA preferred? It is more accurate since the postcode mapping is best fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address rather than sample point’s specific location. Data Specifications Each dataset will cover a calendar year of samples: This dataset will be published monthly. Historical datasets will be published as far back as 2022 following the introduction of the Water Supply Regulations. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/614/contents/made The Determinands included in the dataset are as per the list that is required to be reported to the Drinking Water Inspectorate. Context Many UK water companies provide a search tool on their websites where you can search for water quality in your area by postcode. The results of the search may identify the water supply zone that supplies the postcode searched. Water supply zones are not linked to LSOAs which means the results may differ to this dataset. Some sample results are influenced by internal plumbing and may not be representative of drinking water quality in the wider area. In this case these test results are omitted from the dataset. Some samples are tested on site and others are sent to scientific laboratories. Data Publish Frequency Monthly. Data Triage Review Frequency Annually unless otherwise requested Supplementary information Below is a curated selection of links for additional reading, which provide a deeper understanding of this dataset. Drinking Water Inspectorate Standards and Regulations: https://www.dwi.gov.uk/drinking-water-standards-and-regulations/ LSOA (England and Wales) and Data Zone (Scotland): https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/geography/2011-census/geography-bckground-info-comparison-of-thresholds.pdf Description for LSOA boundaries by the ONS: Census 2021 geographies - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) Postcode to LSOA lookup tables: Postcode to 2021 Census Output Area to Lower Layer Super Output Area to Middle Layer Super Output Area to Local Authority District (August 2023) Lookup in the UK (statistics.gov.uk) Legislation history: Legislation - Drinking Water Inspectorate (dwi.gov.uk) Dataset Schema SAMPLE_ID: Identity of the sample SAMPLE_DATE: The date the sample was taken DETERMINAND: The determinand being measured DWI_CODE: The corresponding DWI code for the determinand UNITS: The expression of results OPERATOR: The measurement operator for limit of detection RESULT: The test results LSOA or DATA ZONE: Lower Super Output Area or Data Zone (population weighted centroids used by the ONS (Office for National Statistics) for geo-anonymisation)数据历史与数据来源：本数据集的样本取自用户取水点，经水质分析后将结果上传至数据库，本数据集即从该数据库中提取所得。 数据筛选考量 粒度设定：我们采用单条检测结果作为最低粒度进行数据共享。 匿名化要求：本数据集不得用于识别单个个人或家庭。为满足该要求，我们讨论了多种按特定地理区域聚合数据的方案，具体讨论的地理聚合方式如下： - 供水区（Water Supply Zone，WSZ）：会限制与其他数据集的互操作性。 - 邮政编码（Postcode）：部分邮政编码覆盖的住户极少，无法满足必要的匿名化要求。 - 邮政分区（Postal Sector）：在人口密集区域粒度不足。 - 经纬度取整：不属于公认标准，可能导致区域重叠。 - 中层超级输出区（Middle Layer Super Output Area，MSOA）：粒度不足。 - 低层超级输出区（Lower Layer Super Output Area，LSOA）：经认定为适用于英格兰和威尔士的公认标准。 - 数据区（Data Zone）：经认定为适用于苏格兰的公认标准。 最终首选方案为按LSOA或数据区进行地理聚合。为何选择按LSOA进行地理聚合？相较于以采样点具体位置进行匹配，通过邮政编码平均地址的位置进行映射，能获得更精准的匹配结果。 数据规格说明：每份数据集涵盖一个日历年的采样数据，本数据集将按月发布。根据《供水条例》的要求，历史数据集最早可追溯至2022年。相关立法链接：https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/614/contents/made。本数据集包含的检测指标均为需向饮用水监察局（Drinking Water Inspectorate，DWI）上报的指定列表内指标。 背景说明：许多英国水务公司在其官网提供搜索工具，用户可通过邮政编码查询所在区域的水质情况，搜索结果可能会指向覆盖该邮政编码的供水区。但供水区与LSOA并无关联，因此本数据集的结果可能与该类搜索结果存在差异。部分采样结果受室内管道系统影响，无法代表区域整体的饮用水水质，此类检测结果将被排除在本数据集之外。部分采样在现场完成检测，其余样本则送至科研实验室进行分析。 发布频率：按月发布。 数据筛选复核频率：每年一次，除非另有特殊要求。 补充信息：以下为精选的额外阅读链接，可帮助您更深入地理解本数据集： 1. 饮用水监察局标准与法规：https://www.dwi.gov.uk/drinking-water-standards-and-regulations/ 2. 英格兰和威尔士LSOA与苏格兰数据区：https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/geography/2011-census/geography-bckground-info-comparison-of-thresholds.pdf 3. 英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics，ONS）关于LSOA边界的说明：2021年人口普查地理区域 - 英国国家统计局（ons.gov.uk） 4. 邮政编码至LSOA映射表：英国2023年8月发布的「邮政编码→2021年人口普查输出区→低层超级输出区→中层超级输出区→地方当局区域」映射表（statistics.gov.uk） 5. 立法历史：立法内容 - 饮用水监察局（dwi.gov.uk） 数据集字段说明： - SAMPLE_ID：样本标识 - SAMPLE_DATE：样本采集日期 - DETERMINAND：被测指标 - DWI_CODE：对应饮用水监察局的指标编码 - UNITS：结果单位 - OPERATOR：检测限的测量执行者 - RESULT：检测结果 - LSOA or DATA ZONE：低层超级输出区或数据区（采用英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics，ONS）使用的人口加权质心进行地理匿名化处理）