Impact of the Proliferation of Invasive Plants on Biodiversity and Women's Socio-Economic Adaptation Strategies in the Lake Chad Area

The increase in the magnitude of the effects of the invasion of environments by prolific invasive plants which impact biodiversity, eliminate certain major economic activities while increasing social challenges, women are increasingly vulnerable to climate change, The study of the impact of the proliferation of invasive plants on biodiversity and the socioeconomic adaptation strategies of women in the Lake Chad area could help in the medium and long term, as a decision-making tool. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Prosopis Juliflora and Eichhornia crassipes on biodiversity and the socioeconomic adaptation strategies of women in the Lake Chad area. Taking floristic data on site made it possible to carry out the floristic inventory based on the Braun-Blanquet dominance abundance coefficients and the faunal inventory inspired and updated by the Biosedimentory Index (BSI) and Lake Chad Biotic Index (LCBI) methods. The study area was digitized and produced using ArcGis. The raw data were analyzed and formatted with Microsoft Office Excel software and imported as text files (separator: tab) into R and SPSS software. On an average of 4,167±2,786 sampling points, an average of 165,667±2,804 Eichhornia crassipes plants was observed, with an average abundance-dominance index of 3.833±1.169 and an average recovery rate of all the area of Lake Chad Cameroon which is 53.575±26.621%. However, the average regularity on the waters of Lake Chad is 0.598±0.217, higher in Makary (1.000) and lower in Blangoua (0.386). The average frequency of Eichhornia Crassipes in the waters of Lake Chad Cameroon is 16.7±0.11%: the highest is that of Makary (36%), while those observed in Darak (08) and Hilé Alifa (08) are weak. Women in the Lake Chad area and northern Cameroon carry out mainly agricultural subsistence activities. In any season on the water, the average rate of cleaning of spaces on the banks of Lake Chad for agricultural purposes is 8.6±0.55% while the average rate of use of methods for cleaning the bottom of the Lake Chad is 2.8±0.89% Sahelian semi-arid zone within the GIC and women's association. The transformations and sales of products carried out within the GICs is 12.32±7.23 Kilogram/Season/woman within the associations and 04.82±03.33 Kilogram/Season/woman within the GICs. The social strategy to adapt field production during the rainy season indicates that the average rate of diversification of forms of mutual aid is 25.80±3.27% in associations and 22.20±2.77% in GICs, while that the average rate of donation requests in the form of agricultural materials or support, seeds and nurseries is 85.00±9.13% in association and 89.60±5.02% in GIC.快速繁殖的入侵植物大肆入侵各类生境，其影响程度不断加剧：不仅破坏生物多样性、冲击部分核心经济活动，还加剧了社会挑战，使得女性群体愈发易受气候变化影响。针对乍得湖地区入侵植物扩散对生物多样性的影响，以及当地女性的社会经济适应策略展开研究，可作为中长期决策辅助工具。本研究旨在探究长穗牧豆树（Prosopis Juliflora）与凤眼蓝（Eichhornia crassipes）对乍得湖地区生物多样性的影响，以及当地女性的社会经济适应策略。通过现场采集植物区系数据，本研究基于布朗-布朗凯（Braun-Blanquet）优势度-多度系数开展植物区系调查，并参考并优化了生物沉积指数（Biosedimentory Index, BSI）与乍得湖生物指数（Lake Chad Biotic Index, LCBI）方法完成动物区系调查。研究区域通过ArcGIS软件进行数字化制图。原始数据经Microsoft Office Excel软件处理分析与格式整理后，以制表符分隔的文本文件形式导入R与SPSS统计软件。在平均4167±2786个采样点中，共观测到平均165667±2804株凤眼蓝（Eichhornia crassipes），其平均优势度-多度指数为3.833±1.169，喀麦隆境内乍得湖全域的平均覆盖恢复率为53.575±26.621%。不过，乍得湖水域的平均分布均匀度为0.598±0.217，其中马卡里（Makary）区域的均匀度最高（1.000），布朗古阿（Blangoua）区域最低（0.386）。喀麦隆境内乍得湖水域中，凤眼蓝的平均出现频率为16.7±0.11%，其中马卡里区域的出现频率最高（36%），而达拉克（Darak）与希莱阿利法（Hilé Alifa）区域的出现频率较低。乍得湖地区与喀麦隆北部的女性主要从事农业自给型生产活动。在萨赫勒半干旱区的合作利益集团（GIC）与女性协会中，无论处于哪个季节，乍得湖沿岸用于农业生产的区域清理平均占比为8.6±0.55%，而采用湖底清理方法的平均占比为2.8±0.89%。各协会内女性的产品加工与售卖量平均为12.32±7.23千克/季/人，而GIC内女性的该项指标平均为4.82±3.33千克/季/人。针对雨季田间生产的社会适应策略调查显示，协会内女性的互助形式多样化平均占比为25.80±3.27%，GIC内则为22.20±2.77%；而以农业物资、支持、种子及育苗资源为形式的捐赠申请平均占比，协会内为85.00±9.13%，GIC内为89.60±5.02%。