School-level independent variables included in C&RT and CIT analysis (n = 39).

1Reported by respondent (head teacher); “improved” based on definitions by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation [34].2Observed by interviewer.3Obtained from school records.4Originally a yes/no variable reported individually by each pupil, then combined to get a percent of pupils reporting “yes” for each school.5Calculated using principal component analysis derived from observation and school enrollment records.6Calculated using principal component analysis derived from observation.