LC-MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolic Signatures in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe neurological disorder with high mortality and disability. Using LC-MS, we profiled serum metabolites from 20 patients with and without ICH, identifying 3,178 metabolites. ICH samples were enriched in benzene derivatives (15.63%), organic acids (12.47%), amino acids (12.41%), and heterocyclic compounds (12.07%), suggesting disrupted aromatic metabolism. OPLS-DA revealed clear separation between groups (p < 0.01). Differential analysis showed increased benzene derivatives and organic acids, decreased amino acids, and reduced lipid metabolites. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to fatty acid, glycerophospholipid, and inflammation/energy metabolism. Network and database analyses linked altered metabolites to multiple metabolic diseases. These findings uncover distinct metabolic signatures in ICH, offering insights into its pathogenesis and potential biomarkers.