Dataset for taxonomic and functional profiling of metagenome grown in activated sludge of pulp-paper mill wastewater treatment system

The complex nature of pollutants and the functional potential of microbial communities thriving in the activated sludge of pulp-paper mill wastewater treatment system remain poorly studied. Activated sludge samples were randomly collected from five different locations within the aeration tanks and combined to form a composite sample for further analysis. Physicochemical characterization and GC-MS analysis of the sludge samples revealed the presence of heavy metals and various chloroorganic pollutants. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA genes derived from the collected sludge sample was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The present dataset includes raw sequencing data (FASTQ files), analysis reports, OUT Table, pie charts, rarefaction curve, and a Krona chart. Additionally, it provides functional annotation tables derived from KEGG, EC, and MetaCyc databases using PICRUSt2 analysis. Taxonomic analysis of the metagenomic sequence data revealed that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the sludge. In addition, other phyla, such as Bacteriodetes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chlorolfexi, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, were also recorded within the range between 13.27% and 4.1% in sludge. At the genus and species levels, the most abundant genus was an unclassified member (3.62%) of the family Rhodospirillaceae. This unclassified communities could be target taxa in future classification. PICRUSt2-based functional annotation identified a variety of genes, enzymes, and metabolic pathways associated with microbial adaptation and survival in stress-prone environments. This research provides valuable insights into the nature of organic and inorganic pollutants, the composition of bacterial communities, and their potential functional roles in chlorolignin waste-contaminated environments. Future research should focus on the isolation and enrichment of the promising microbial species characterized in this study, as they hold significant potential for developing effective in situ bioremediation strategies制浆造纸厂废水处理系统活性污泥中污染物的复杂特性与存活微生物群落的功能潜力，目前仍鲜有研究。研究人员从曝气池内5个不同点位随机采集活性污泥样品，混合后制成复合样品用于后续分析。对污泥样品进行理化表征及气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析后，检出了重金属与多种氯代有机污染物。与此同时，依托Illumina MiSeq平台，对采集的污泥样品中16S rRNA基因的V3-V4高变区进行了高通量测序（HTS）。本数据集包含原始测序数据（FASTQ文件）、分析报告、操作分类单元（Operational Taxonomic Unit, OTU）表、饼图、稀疏曲线及Krona图表。此外，数据集还提供了通过PICRUSt2分析，从京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）、酶委员会（EC）及MetaCyc数据库中获取的功能注释表。对宏基因组测序数据的分类学分析显示，污泥中的优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）。此外，拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）及疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）等其他菌门的相对丰度介于4.1%至13.27%之间，同样被检出。在属与物种水平上，丰度最高的菌属为红螺菌科（Rhodospirillaceae）下一类未分类的菌属（占比3.62%）。这类未分类群落可作为未来分类学研究的目标类群。基于PICRUSt2的功能注释结果显示，存在多种与微生物在胁迫环境中的适应与存活相关的基因、酶类及代谢通路。本研究为解析有机与无机污染物的特性、细菌群落组成，及其在氯代木质素污染环境中的潜在功能角色提供了重要参考。未来研究可聚焦于分离富集本研究中鉴定出的潜在功能微生物物种，这类微生物在开发高效原位生物修复策略方面具备重大应用潜力。