Filtered VCF files for Bombus pascuorum and B. lapidarius

Human-induced environmental impacts on wildlife are widespread, causing
major biodiversity losses. One major threat is agricultural
intensification, typically characterised by large areas of monoculture,
mechanical tillage, and the use of agrochemicals; it leads to the
fragmentation and loss of natural habitats, native vegetation, and nesting
and breeding sites. Understanding the adaptability of insects to these
changing environmental conditions is critical to predicting their
survival. Bumblebees, key pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, are
used as model species to assess insect adaptation to anthropogenic
stressors. We investigated the effects of agricultural pressures on two
common European bumblebees, Bombus pascuorum and B. lapidarius.
Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing (RADSeq) was used to identify
loci under selective pressure across agricultural-natural gradients over
97 locations in Europe. 191 unique loci in B. pascuorum and 260 in B.
lapidarius were identified as under selective pressure, associated with
agricultural stressors. Further investigation revealed candidate proteins
for 26 loci in B. pascuorum including neurodevelopment proteins, a muscle
protein, and a detoxification protein; and 53 loci in B. lapidarius,
similarly including several neurodevelopmental, muscle, and detoxification
proteins. These results provide insight into agriculture as a stressor for
bumblebees and signal for conservation action in light of ongoing
anthropogenic changes.