Distributed temperature sensing data from a borehole drilled to the base of Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland, in July 2019

TITLE: Distributed temperature sensing data from a borehole drilled to the base of Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland, in July 2019

ASSOCIATED PUBLICATION: Thermodynamics of a fast-moving Greenlandic outlet glacier revealed by fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing

ASSOCIATED PUBLICATION TEASER: Highly resolved observations from a 1,043 m deep borehole show highly variable ice properties and heterogeneous deformation.

ABSTRACT: This is distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data from a 1,043 m borehole drilled to the base of Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland, 28 km inland from the glacier terminus. The DTS system was installed on 5 July 2019, with recordings continuing until cable failure on 13 August 2019. The record resolution is ~0.65 m.

KEYWORDS: Greenland, distributed temperature sensing (DTS), ice boreholes, Store Glacier, marine-terminating glacier, ice temperature

PERSONNEL:
NAME: Robert Law
ROLE: ContactPerson, DataCollector, DataCurator, ProjectMember
ORGANISATION: Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-5537

NAME: Poul Christoffersen
ROLE: ProjectLeader, ProjectManager
ORGANISATION: Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-8724

NAME: Bryn Hubbard
ROLE: ProjectManager
ORGANISATION: Centre for Glaciology, Aberystwyth University
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-3875

NAME: Samuel Doyle
ROLE: DataCollector, ProjectMember
ORGANISATION: Centre for Glaciology, Aberystwyth University
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-431X

LINEAGE/METHODOLOGY: The data was gathered from Store Glacier, Greenland, in 2019 using a borehole drilling system as described in Doyle et al. (2018) with an additional heater unit. Drilling occured from 4-5 July 2019. The vertical spatial resolution is ~0.65 m, with a sampling resolution of 0.25 m. The measurement averaging time was originally set at 2 minutes with near continuous operation from 5 July to 21 July whereupon it was set to 10 minutes with a rest time of 40 minutes, with the rest time increased to 4 hours on 23rd July to reduce power consumption for unattended operation. This raw instrument-produced data was then processed using the DTS processing package 'dtsalibration' written in Python (des Tombe et al., 2020) with the sampling time increased dependent on usage/figure output (8 hours for image plot of entire record, 96 hours for final plot before failure).

INSTRUMENTATION: The data was collected with a Silixa XT-DTS. The cable was a BRUsens DTS steel-armored cable with 2 single-mode (OS2) fibres and 4 multi-mode (OM3) fibres in a dublex arrangement using a basal turnaround assemblage. The single-mode fibres were used in a seperate distributed acoustic sensing study (Booth et al., 2020). The dtscalibration Python package (v0.9.2) was used to process the data (https://python-dts-calibration.readthedocs.io/ https://pypi.org/project/dtscalibration/ https://github.com/dtscalibration/python-dts-calibration). Data sheets are provided where possible in the data_sheets directory.

QUALITY: The data was calibrated using thermistor data and temperate ice at the phase-transition temperature. 95% confidence intervals are reported in Law et al. (2021) and are provided in this data set, derived from a Monte Carlo simulation. The data was fitted to thermistors, subjectivity in this fitting, and thermistor uncertainty from factors such as ice-bath calibration may further increase unertainty - see Law et al. (2021) for a full discussion.

RELATED URLS: https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/people/law/ https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/people/christoffersen/ https://www.erc-responder.eu/

TEMPORAL COVERAGE: 07:45 5 July 2019 - 21:30 13 August 2019.

SPATIAL COVERAGE: 70.57 N, 50.09 W

RESOLUTION: ~0.65 m spatial resolution.

LOCATION: Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Uummannaq Fjord, Greenland. Drill site at 70.57 N, 50.09 W.

REFERENCES:

Booth, A. D., Christoffersen, P., Schoonman, C., Clarke, A., Hubbard, B., Law, R., Doyle, S. H., Chudley, T. R., & Chalari, A. (2020). Distributed Acoustic Sensing of Seismic Properties in a Borehole Drilled on a Fast‐Flowing Greenlandic Outlet Glacier. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL088148. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088148

des Tombe, B., Schilperoort, B., Perkó, Z., Bakker, M., Van De Giesen, N., & Selker, J. (2019). Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) calibration with confidence intervals. European Geophysical Union, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 21, 2019–16681. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082235

Doyle, S. H., Hubbard, B., Christoffersen, P., Young, T. J., Hofstede, C., Bougamont, M., Box, J. E., & Hubbard, A. (2018). Physical Conditions of Fast Glacier Flow: 1. Measurements From Boreholes Drilled to the Bed of Store Glacier, West Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 123(2), 324–348. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004529

Law, R., Christoffersen, P., Hubbard, B., Doyle, S. H., Chudley, T. R., Schoonman, C., Bougamont, M., des Tombe, B., Schilperoort, B., Kechavarzi, C., Booth, A., & Young, T. J. (2021). Thermodynamics of a fast-moving Greenlandic outlet glacier revealed by fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing. Minor revisions in Science Advances.

标题：2019年7月从格陵兰斯尔梅克库亚勒克（斯托雷冰川）底部钻探的钻孔中获取的分布式温度传感数据

相关出版物：通过光纤分布式温度传感揭示快速移动的格陵兰冰川出口冰川的热力学性质

相关出版物预告：来自1,043米深钻孔的高分辨率观测显示，冰的物理性质高度可变，变形不均。

摘要：本数据集为分布式温度传感（DTS）数据，来自格陵兰斯托雷冰川底部钻探的1,043米钻孔。该钻孔位于冰川末端28公里内陆。DTS系统于2019年7月5日安装，记录持续至2019年8月13日电缆故障。记录的分辨率约为0.65米。

关键词：格陵兰，分布式温度传感（DTS），冰钻孔，斯托雷冰川，海洋冰川，冰温度

人员名单：

姓名：罗伯特·劳
角色：联系人、数据收集者、数据管理者、项目成员
机构：剑桥大学斯科特极地研究所
ORCID：orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-5537

姓名：保罗·克里斯托弗森
角色：项目负责人、项目经理
机构：剑桥大学斯科特极地研究所
ORCID：orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-8724

姓名：布林·哈伯德
角色：项目经理
机构：阿伯里斯特威斯大学冰川学中心
ORCID：orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-3875

姓名：塞缪尔·多伊尔
角色：数据收集者、项目成员
机构：阿伯里斯特威斯大学冰川学中心
ORCID：orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-431X

数据来源/方法：数据于2019年使用钻孔钻探系统收集于格陵兰斯托雷冰川，如多伊尔等人（2018）所述，并增加了一个加热单元。钻探于2019年7月4日至5日进行。垂直空间分辨率为约0.65米，采样分辨率为0.25米。最初将测量平均时间设置为2分钟，从2019年7月5日至21日的近连续运行，之后将其设置为10分钟，休息时间为40分钟，至7月23日休息时间增加到4小时，以减少无人看管的功耗。然后使用Python编写的DTS处理软件包'dtsalibration'（des Tombe等人，2020）处理原始仪器产生的数据，采样时间根据使用/图输出而增加（完整记录的图像绘图为8小时，最终绘图前为96小时）。

仪器：数据使用Silixa XT-DTS收集。电缆为BRUsens DTS钢装甲电缆，采用双绞线排列，使用底部回转组装。单模光纤用于单独的分布式声学传感研究（博斯等人，2020）。使用dtscalibration Python软件包（v0.9.2）处理数据（https://python-dts-calibration.readthedocs.io/ https://pypi.org/project/dtscalibration/ https://github.com/dtscalibration/python-dts-calibration）。在可能的情况下，在data_sheets目录中提供了数据表。

质量：数据使用热敏电阻数据和相变温度下的冰进行校准。95%置信区间在劳等人（2021）中报告，并包含在本数据集中，来自蒙特卡洛模拟。数据拟合到热敏电阻，拟合中的主观性和热敏电阻的不确定性（如冰浴校准等因素）可能进一步增加不确定性——请参阅劳等人（2021）的全面讨论。

相关网址：https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/people/law/ https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/people/christoffersen/ https://www.erc-responder.eu/

时间范围：2019年7月5日07:45 - 2019年8月13日21:30

空间范围：70.57 N，50.09 W

分辨率：约0.65米的空间分辨率

位置：斯尔梅克库亚勒克（斯托雷冰川），乌穆纳克峡湾，格陵兰。钻探地点在70.57 N，50.09 W

参考文献：

博斯，A. D.，克里斯托弗森，P.，肖恩曼，C.，克拉克，A.，哈伯德，B.，劳，R.，多伊尔，S. H.，查德利，T. R.，查拉里，A.（2020）。在快速流动的格陵兰冰川上钻探的钻孔中的分布式声学传感地震属性。地球物理研究快报，47（13），e2020GL088148。https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088148

des Tombe，B.，施里珀罗特，B.，佩尔科，Z.，巴克，M.，范德吉森，N.，塞尔克，J.（2019）。分布式温度传感（DTS）校准与置信区间。欧洲地球物理联盟，地球物理研究摘要，21，2019–16681。https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082235

多伊尔，S. H.，哈伯德，B.，克里斯托弗森，P.，扬，T. J.，霍夫斯特德，C.，博加蒙，M.，博克斯，J. E.，哈伯德，A.（2018）。快速冰川流动的物理条件：1. 西格陵兰斯托雷冰川底部钻孔的测量。地球物理研究：地表，123（2），324–348。https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004529

劳，R.，克里斯托弗森，P.，哈伯德，B.，多伊尔，S. H.，查德利，T. R.，肖恩曼，C.，博加蒙，M.，des Tombe，B.，施里珀罗特，B.，凯查瓦里，C.，博斯，A.，扬，T. J.（2021）。通过光纤分布式温度传感揭示快速移动的格陵兰冰川出口冰川的热力学性质。科学进展的小幅修订。