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Translocation of CDK4/6:CCND complexes from the cytoplasm to the nucleus

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reactome.org2025-01-22 收录
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Cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes translocate to the nucleus from the cytoplasm at G1/S transition (Wang et al. 2008). This nuclear accumulation requires the binding to the Cip/Kip cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors CDKN1A (p21Cip), CDKN1B (p27Kip1) and probably also CDKN1C (p57Kip2), and the C-terminal NLS sequence of Cip/Kip proteins (LaBaer et al. 1997, Reynisdottir and Massagué 1997). Phosphorylations close to the NLS (at T145 in CDKN1A and T157 in CDKN1B) impede the nuclear localization of Cip/Kip proteins (Zhou et al. 2001, Shin et al. 2005) and potentially of CDK4/6:CCND complexes. One study suggested that tyrosine phosphorylation of p27 (CDKN1B) could facilitate the nuclear import of p27-bound CDK4 (Kardinal et al. 2006). However, others observed that endogenous Y88-phosphorylated p27Kip1, as well as overexpressed p27Kip1 phosphorylated by JAK2 was predominantly cytoplasmic (Jäkel et al. 2011). Effects of tyrosine phosphorylation of CDKN1A and CDKN1C on their localization have not been investigated.<br>In the absence of Cip/Kip proteins, a small number of CDK4/6:CCND complexes enter the nucleus through an unknown mechanism and phosphorylate target proteins (Bagui et al. 2003).

Cyclin D与CDK4/6复合物在G1/S转换期从细胞质转移至细胞核(Wang等人,2008年)。这种核积累需要与Cip/Kip周期依赖性激酶(CDK)抑制因子CDKN1A(p21Cip)、CDKN1B(p27Kip1)以及可能还包括CDKN1C(p57Kip2)的结合,以及Cip/Kip蛋白的C端核定位信号(NLS)序列(LaBaer等人,1997年,Reynisdottir和Massagué,1997年)。接近NLS(CDKN1A中的T145和CDKN1B中的T157)的磷酸化阻碍了Cip/Kip蛋白及其潜在CDK4/6:CCND复合物的核定位(Zhou等人,2001年,Shin等人,2005年)。一项研究提出,p27(CDKN1B)的酪氨酸磷酸化可能促进与p27结合的CDK4的核输入(Kardinal等人,2006年)。然而,其他研究者观察到内源性的Y88磷酸化p27Kip1,以及由JAK2磷酸化的过表达p27Kip1主要位于细胞质中(Jäkel等人,2011年)。CDKN1A和CDKN1C的酪氨酸磷酸化对其定位的影响尚未得到研究。在缺乏Cip/Kip蛋白的情况下,少量CDK4/6:CCND复合物通过未知机制进入细胞核,并磷酸化靶蛋白(Bagui等人,2003年)。
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