Systems immunology analysis of human tonsil organoids identifies host-specific correlates of protection to different influenza vaccines

Due to the empirical nature of most vaccine development and design, few correlates of protection (beyond neutralizing antibodies) have been identified in humans following immunization. In particular, lymphoid tissues, which are the sites of the evolving response, have been understudied due to logistical and ethical issues. Thus, most prior work on vaccine correlates of protection have been unable to identify the mechanisms involved in potentiating vaccine responses. To address this gap, in this study we used an immune organoid model to identify novel correlates and predictors of the human influenza response.