Effects of cigarette and e-cigarette exposure on mouse lung and gut microbiota

Electronic cigarette use is rapidly increasing, yet its effects on lung cancer development remain poorly understood. This study compared the impact of electronic cigarette vapor (ECV) and combustible cigarette smoke (CCS) on lung tumor promotion, immune responses, and microbiome composition in a mouse model of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Mice were exposed to room air, CCS, or ECV for 2 hours daily over 8 weeks. Lung and stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) sequencing to profile microbial community changes associated with each exposure. The data contribute to understanding how traditional and electronic cigarette exposures shape the lung microenvironment, immune modulation, and host-associated microbiota in the context of cancer risk.