Estimated annual change in “waist circumference for a given body mass index (ΔWC_BMI, cm/y)” observed when 100 kcal of fruits or 100 kcal of dairy products replaced 100 kcal of white bread, processed meat, margarine, or soft drinks (analyses conducted in men and women combined).

1The association between food consumption and ΔWCBMI was modelled using centre-specific linear regression [adjusting for: total energy intake, age, baseline weight, baseline height, baseline WCBMI, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, education, follow-up duration, menopausal status (women only), and hormone replacement therapy use (women only)], and random-effect meta-analyses to evaluate heterogeneity (I2) across study centres and to obtain pooled estimates of the associations. 2Four models were constructed, all of them including dairy product consumption (per 100 kcal increments) plus either white bread (model 1), processed meat (model 2), margarine (model 3), or soft drinks (model 4), also in 100 kcal increments. 3Four models were constructed, all of them including fruit consumption (per 100 kcal increments) plus either white bread (model 1), processed meat (model 2), margarine (model 3), or soft drinks (model 4), also in 100 kcal increments.