Micro-Enterprise Survey 2009 - Nepal

Abstract
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This research of registered businesses with one to four employees was conducted in Nepal from March 8 to June 15, 2009, at the same time with 2009 Nepal Enterprise Survey. Data from 118 establishments was analyzed.

Micro-Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country's business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is an establishment with one to four employees.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for Nepal was selected using stratified random sampling. Two levels of stratification were used for the Micro-Enterprise Survey: industry and region.

Industry stratification was designed at three levels: the universe was stratified into manufacturing, retail, and other services industries. Other services were further divided into tourism and non-tourism as the World Bank wanted to oversample tourism firms.

Regional stratification was defined in terms of the geographic regions with the main cities of economic activity in the country. Western Nepal included Butwal, Dhangadhi, Nepalgunj, and Pokhara; Central Nepal included Banepa, Bhaktapur, Bharatpur, Birgunj, Hetauda, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Simara; Eastern Nepal included Bhadrapur, Biratnagar, and Itahari.

120 micro establishments were targeted for interviews.

Initially a sample frame was sought from the Government of Nepal and from appropriate trade associations; but the lists that were obtained were deemed incomplete and potentially out of date. In consultation with the contractor, the World Bank decided to undertake block enumeration, i.e. the contractor would physically create a list of establishments from which to sample from. In total, the contractor enumerated 6,755 establishments for the survey fieldwork.

Detailed information about block enumeration strategy can be can be found in "Description of Nepal Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37] in English with Nepali translation
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52] in English with Nepali translation
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72] in English with Nepali translation
- Screener Questionnaire in English

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

Micro-Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Nepal Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

摘要
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本项关于拥有一到四名员工注册企业的调研于2009年3月8日至6月15日在尼泊尔进行，与2009年尼泊尔企业调查同步进行。分析了118个企业的数据。

微型企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可证、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新与技术，以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确认了该国商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。

地理覆盖范围
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全国

分析单元
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本研究的主要抽样单元为拥有一到四名员工的企业。

总体
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企业调查所涵盖的总体或范围是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类（组D）的所有制造业部门、建筑业部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和H），以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此人口定义不包括以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产业和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT，该子部门已被纳入研究总体），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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尼泊尔的样本采用分层随机抽样方法选取。微型企业调查采用两层分层：行业和地区。

行业分层设计为三个层次：总体被分层为制造业、零售业和其他服务业。其他服务业进一步分为旅游业和非旅游业，因为世界银行希望对旅游业企业进行超样本抽样。

地区分层是根据国家的经济活动主要城市地理区域定义的。西部尼泊尔包括Butwal、Dhangadhi、Nepalgunj和Pokhara；中部尼泊尔包括Banepa、Bhaktapur、Bharatpur、Birgunj、Hetauda、Kathmandu、Lalitpur和Simara；东部尼泊尔包括Bhadrapur、Biratnagar和Itahari。

目标访谈的微型企业为120家。

最初，从尼泊尔政府及适当的行业协会寻求样本框架；但获取的名单被认为是不完整且可能过时的。在与承包商协商后，世界银行决定进行区块计数，即承包商将物理创建一个企业列表，从中进行抽样。总共，承包商为调查工作计数了6,755家企业。

有关区块计数策略的详细信息可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“2009年尼泊尔实施描述”中找到。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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当前调查工具包括以下内容：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37] 英文版，附有尼泊尔语翻译
- 核心问卷 + 零售业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52] 英文版，附有尼泊尔语翻译
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72] 英文版，附有尼泊尔语翻译
- 筛选问卷英文版

“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含向全球所有企业提出的问题。还有两种其他调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售业模块”。调查通过三种工具进行，以避免向特定类型的企业提出无关的问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售企业提出。除了在各国提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含针对特定国家的相关问题。定制的示例包括在旅游业是现有或潜在经济增长部门的某些国家询问与旅游业相关的问题。

微型企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可证、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新与技术，以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确认了该国商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。

数据清洗操作
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数据录入和质量控制由承包商实施，并将数据分批（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付给世界银行。这些数据交付将检查逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重访企业进行纠正。

响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、响应率和实施的详细信息，可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“2009年尼泊尔实施描述”中找到。