Caregivers’ language background as assessed by the Language Background Questionnaire (LBQ).

In the Can-Do-Questionnaire, caregivers additionally had to rate their language proficiency in German and Italian for a variety of different oral and written competences on a scale from 1 to 5 (5 = very good, native-like language skills). Note that a great proportion of caregivers are considered heritage speakers of Italian themselves (58.9% of the mothers and 41.67% of the fathers); meaning that they were born and raised in Germany by Italian speaking parents.