TYPOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FAKE NEWS IN MODERN COMMUNICATION AND THEIR STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

In the digital age, the rapid expansion of communication technologies has significantly transformed the information ecosystem, simultaneously increasing the spread of fake news. This article explores the typological classification of fake news and examines its structural characteristics within modern communication processes. The study employs a qualitative and analytical approach, integrating comparative analysis of global media practices. The findings identify key categories of fake news, including misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, and highlight their distinct features. Furthermore, the research reveals that structural elements such as emotional language, sensational headlines, lack of credible sources, and visual manipulation play a crucial role in amplifying the reach and impact of fake content. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of information disorder and offers practical recommendations for improving media literacy and strengthening fact-checking systems.