Adjusted mean values in ΔFEV1 and ΔFVC over 11 years of follow-up comparing different SERPINA1 genotypes.

CI: confidence interval. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second. FVC: forced vital capacity.Covariates included sex, linear and squared age, recruiting area, smoking history (packyears at baseline, as well as linear and squared packyears between baseline and follow-up), height, baseline BMI and BMI change between baseline and follow-up.aPassive smokers were defined as never smokers who declared regular exposure to environmental tobacco smoke within one year prior to the baseline or follow-up examination.bPersistent smokers were classified as subjects who declared current smoking at both examinations.cObese subjects were defined as BMI≥30kg/m2 at the baseline or follow-up examination.