Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and functioning in urban desert preserves and surrounding deserts in the central Arizona

The creation of urban preserves has been proposed to as a method of reducing the
impact of urbanization on biodiversity of native ecosystems. This research compared
root colonization by two important fungal root symbionts, arbuscular mycorrhizal
(AM) fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSE), at two urban desert preserve sites
located in Phoenix, Arizona and at two surrounding Sonoran desert sites. Diversity
of AM fungi was also compared between sites. AM root colonization was greater in
surrounding deserts in comparison to urban preserves, but root colonization by DSE
was not significantly different. A greater number of AM fungal species was detected
in surrounding deserts in comparison to urban preserves, although the number of
species/sample was not significantly different. About 70% of the AM fungal species
were detected at both urban preserve and surrounding desert sites, but species in
the family Acaulosporaceae were only detected at the surrounding deserts. Decreases
in AM functioning and diversity observed at urban preserves may reduce the ability
of preserves to sustain biodiversity.