Global Forest Carbon Sequestration Potential under Future Climate Change: Annual Biomass Projections (Reference Simulation)

Overview This dataset is part of the Global Forest Carbon Sequestration Potential under Future Climate Change data collection accompanying the manuscript: The effects of global climate change on forest carbon sequestration potential in vegetation. The annual biomass projections were generated using the Ecosystem Demography model (ED v3.0), initialized with contemporary forest biomass derived from 3.77 billion spaceborne lidar observations from NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) and Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). Annual live vegetation biomass was simulated from 2021 to 2100 under alternative combinations of future climate, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and disturbance. This repository contains the Reference Simulation, in which present-day climate, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and disturbance are repeated throughout the simulation period. The Reference Simulation provides the baseline against which all future projection scenarios are compared. This repository also serves as the master documentation for the complete annual biomass dataset collection. Companion repositories contain only their corresponding annual biomass projections and refer users to this repository for complete documentation. Annual biomass dataset collection The annual biomass projections are distributed across 17 Zenodo repositories. Reference simulation (this repository) Repository DOI Reference Simulation https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21706977 Future climate Repository DOI Climate, SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707054 Climate, SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707060 Climate, SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707076 Climate, SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707088 Future climate + atmospheric CO₂ Repository DOI Climate + Atmospheric CO₂, SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707525 Climate + Atmospheric CO₂, SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707555 Climate + Atmospheric CO₂, SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707562 Climate + Atmospheric CO₂, SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707565 Future climate + disturbance Repository DOI Climate + Disturbance, SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707567 Climate + Disturbance, SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707571 Climate + Disturbance, SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707575 Climate + Disturbance, SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707582 Future climate + atmospheric CO₂ + disturbance Repository DOI Climate + Atmospheric CO₂ + Disturbance, SSP126 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707592 Climate + Atmospheric CO₂ + Disturbance, SSP245 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707597 Climate + Atmospheric CO₂ + Disturbance, SSP370 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707603 Climate + Atmospheric CO₂ + Disturbance, SSP585 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707605 All repositories share the same data format, spatial resolution, metadata structure, variables, and file organization. They differ only in the projection forcing and climate scenario indicated in the repository title. Dataset organization Each repository contains annual live vegetation biomass projections for both existing forest and new forest. For each repository: Four Earth System Models are included: GFDL-ESM4, GISS-E2-1-G, EC-Earth3, and MPI-ESM1.2-HR. Each Earth System Model is provided as two ZIP archives, one for existing forest and one for new forest. Each ZIP archive contains eight GeoTIFF files covering successive decades from 2021–2100. Each GeoTIFF contains one raster band for each year within the decade. Embedded GeoTIFF band descriptions identify the corresponding calendar year. Example directory structure: Forest component Example ZIP archive Existing forest Global_Biomass_Existing_EC-Earth3.zip New forest Global_Biomass_New_EC-Earth3.zip Each ZIP archive contains: Years File 2021–2030 2021_2030.tif 2031–2040 2031_2040.tif 2041–2050 2041_2050.tif 2051–2060 2051_2060.tif 2061–2070 2061_2070.tif 2071–2080 2071_2080.tif 2081–2090 2081_2090.tif 2091–2100 2091_2100.tif Data characteristics Attribute Description Geographic coverage Global Spatial resolution 0.01° (~1 km) Coordinate reference system WGS84 (EPSG:4326) Variable Live vegetation biomass carbon Forest components Existing forest and new forest Units kg C m⁻² Time period 2021–2100 Temporal resolution Annual Data type int16 Scale factor 0.01 Offset 0.0 NoData value -32768 Values are stored as scaled integers. Physical value = stored value × 0.01 + offset Most GIS software automatically applies the scale factor. Related datasets Dataset DOI Global Forest Carbon Sequestration Potential under Future Climate Change: Carbon Sequestration Potential Gap (CSPG2100) 10.5281/zenodo.21706799 Citation If you use this dataset, please cite both this dataset and the accompanying manuscript. Dataset Ma, L., Hurtt, G., et al. Global Forest Carbon Sequestration Potential under Future Climate Change: Annual Biomass Projections (Reference Simulation). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21706977 Associated manuscript Ma, L., Hurtt, G., et al. The effects of global climate change on forest carbon sequestration potential in vegetation.