Data for: Maternal exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of congenital hypothyroidism in the offspring: a national data-based study in China

Exposure assignment. The present study collected the monthly average levels of PM2.5, PM10 and AQI for 367 major cities in China from the 1st of January 2014 to the 30th of December 2015. These 367 cities were representative of the major prefecture-level cities of the 30 Chinese provinces (with the exception of Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau). In the present study, ambient air pollution exposure data were provided by the Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform, which collected and released real-time and historical data on PM2.5, PM10 and AQI exposure levels (Chinese 2018). The data of this website originated mainly by the real-time data of ambient air monitoring that were recorded by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Each pollutant was continuously measured. PM2.5 was measured by β ray and Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance, and PM10 was measured by light scattering methods. CH newborn screening. The annual incidence of CH in the 30 provinces in China from the 1st of October 2014 to the 30th of September 2015 was analyzed in the present study. The data were derived from the annals on the Chinese neonatal metabolic disease screening in 2015. It was compiled by the National Office of the Maternal and Child Health Surveillance (NOMCHS), based on the Chinese Newborn Screening information System (CNSIS), and published in the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Surveillance Network in February 2017(Yi Mou 2017). CNSIS is a screening program for newborns performed across the country, including the screening of CH. Whole-blood was collected from every newborn on filter papers for the measurement of the serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) between 72 h and 7 days following birth. Premature, low birth weight or sick neonates and those who were discharged early within 7 days of birth were sampled within 20 days after birth. Any cases that indicated elevated TSH levels (higher than 10 to 20 μIU/ml) through double testing were followed-up and subjected to further diagnosis. Finally, the diagnosis of CH was confirmed by trained pediatric endocrinologists based on serum thyroid function tests (increased serum TSH, and reduced serum free thyroxine (FT4)). Each newborn diagnosed with CH was reported to local newborn screening centers (LNBSCs). Subsequently, a provincial newborn screening center (PNBSC) was established to guide and supervise the LNBSCs for all neonatal screening practices. The screening results reported by PNBSC were summarized and published by NOMCHS annually. The screening and diagnosis of the newborns adhered to the Technological Guideline on National Newborn Screening (2010) issued by the Ministry of health of the people’s republic of China. In addition, a written informed consent on CH screening was obtained from the neonates’ parents prior to the collection of their blood samples.### 暴露赋值研究 本研究收集了2014年1月1日至2015年12月30日期间，中国367个主要城市的PM2.5、PM10及空气质量指数（AQI）月均水平。该367座城市代表了中国30个省份的主要地级市（西藏、台湾、香港、澳门除外）。 本研究所用的环境空气污染暴露数据来源于中国空气质量在线监测分析平台（Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform），该平台采集并发布PM2.5、PM10及AQI暴露水平的实时与历史数据（中国，2018）。该平台的数据主要源自中华人民共和国生态环境部记录的环境空气实时监测数据。各项污染物均采用连续监测方式：PM2.5采用β射线法与锥形元件振荡微量天平（Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance）法测定，PM10则采用光散射法测定。 ### 先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）新生儿筛查 本研究分析了2014年10月1日至2015年9月30日期间，中国30个省份的CH年发病率。数据来源于《2015年中国新生儿代谢病筛查年报》，由全国妇幼卫生监测办公室（National Office of the Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, NOMCHS）依托中国新生儿筛查信息系统（Chinese Newborn Screening information System, CNSIS）编制，并于2017年2月发布于中国妇幼卫生监测网（Yi Mou等，2017）。 CNSIS是一项覆盖全国的新生儿筛查项目，包含CH筛查内容。所有新生儿均在出生后72小时至7天内采集滤纸片全血样本以检测血清促甲状腺素（TSH）水平；早产、低出生体重、患病新生儿及出生7天内提前出院的新生儿，则需在出生后20天内完成采样。 经两次复检提示TSH水平高于10~20 μIU/ml的病例，将接受随访并进一步诊断。最终由经过培训的儿科内分泌医师依据血清甲状腺功能检测结果（血清TSH升高、血清游离甲状腺素FT4降低）确诊CH。每一例确诊CH的新生儿均需上报至当地新生儿筛查中心，随后由省级新生儿筛查中心进行统一管理。各省级新生儿筛查中心上报的筛查结果由全国妇幼卫生监测办公室每年汇总并发布。 新生儿的筛查与诊断工作严格遵循中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会发布的《全国新生儿筛查技术规范（2010年版）》，且在采集血样前已获得新生儿父母的书面知情同意书。