Turkey Research and development expenditure - data, chart | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Turkey: Research and development expenditure, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2021 is 1.4 percent, an increase from 1.37 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 1.25 percent, based on data from 78 countries. Historically, the average for Turkey from 1996 to 2021 is 0.77 percent. The minimum value, 0.36 percent, was reached in 1998 while the maximum of 1.4 percent was recorded in 2021.

土耳其：研究与开发支出，占国内生产总值百分比：2021年的最新数据为1.4%，较2020年的1.37%有所上升。相比之下，基于来自78个国家的数据，全球平均值为1.25%。从1996年至2021年的历史数据来看，土耳其的平均水平为0.77%。最低值为1998年的0.36%，而最高值为2021年的1.4%。