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Dental caries is a non-communicable chronic disease that leads to the progressive destruction of tooth structure (1). Despite being easily preventable, it remains a major global public health issue, particularly affecting children and adolescents (2). The distribution of caries is influenced by its etiology. The process begins sub-clinically with the accumulation of cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque, a transparent biofilm that forms on tooth surfaces from birth. These bacteria feed on fermentable carbohydrates, producing acids that dissolve and demineralize the tooth surface. Poor oral hygiene and a diet high in sugar lead to unchecked demineralization, resulting in cavities. If untreated, these cavities progressively damage the tooth structure (3). Regular oral hygiene practices, particularly using fluoridated toothpaste, can significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries (4).