A galactic cosmic ray cavity in Earth-Moon space

This dataset contains galactic cosmic ray (GCR) proton measurements on the lunar surface collected by the Chang’E-4/LND instrument, together with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind parameters from the ARTEMIS mission. The LND data span 31 lunar cycles from January 2019 to January 2022 and are provided at a one-minute cadence, while the ARTEMIS data have been resampled to match this temporal resolution. The dataset also includes test particle simulation outputs of energetic protons at 20 MeV and 100 MeV in the near-lunar environment, including ensemble-averaged density maps and orbital-phase-dependent statistics used to generate Figures 5A–D. In addition, lists of start and end times of stream/corotating interaction regions (S/CIRs) and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are provided to exclude periods affected by transient solar wind disturbances.