Analysis of the Effectiveness of AI Chatbots in Supporting Independent Learning among Students

This research employs a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with data collected from 200–300 students in the Greater Jakarta area who have experience using AI chatbots for learning purposes. The findings indicate that all three factors—Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Convenience—have a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction, with Perceived Usefulness showing the strongest influence. The model explains 99.2% of the variance in user satisfaction, demonstrating the strong effectiveness of AI chatbots in supporting independent learning. These results highlight the potential of AI chatbots as effective learning companions and provide valuable insights for educational institutions in integrating AI-based learning technologies to enhance student engagement, satisfaction, and learning outcomes.