TABLE 1 in Novelty in Arundinella (Arundinelleae, Panicoideae, Poaceae): Morphological and Molecular Evidences for a New Species from Sikkim Himalaya

TABLE 1. Comparison of major morphological traits of Arundinella namprikensis sp. nov., Arundinella nepalensis, Arundinella cochinchinensis, Arundinella stenostachya and Arundinella intricata. CharactersArundinella namprikensis sp. nov.Arundinella nepalensisArundinella cochinchinensisArundinella stenostachyaArundinella intricataPlant height1–2 m0.1–2.0 (–3) m1.5–3 m1–2.5 m0.3–0.8 mRhizomeup to 1.5 m long, smooth, glabrousshort, scalyscalyscaly, whitish pubescentshort, scalyCulm nodesglabrous and smoothappressed silky pubescentswollen, densely bearded or appressed silky-pilose glabrescentglabrous and smoothLeaf sheathabaxially pilose with tubercle-based hairs, adaxially glabrous, densely ciliate along one margin only with tubercle-based hairssmooth and glabrous, striate, or sparsely to densely covered with tubercle-based hairs, margins short ciliate, rarely both margins eciliatehispid with tubercle-based hairs at young or glabrous, margin densely short ciliate with tubercle-based hairsglabrous to pilose on the back, margins densely hairysmooth and glabrous or pilose, densely ciliate along one marginLigule height(0.2–)0.3–0.5 mm0.3–1 mm0.3–1.5 mm0.5–1 mmca. 0.5 mmLeaf bladeSize10–50 × 0.4–1.4 cm2–50 × 0.2–1.8 cm30–80 × 1–2.5 cm13–70 × 0.3–1.6 cm11–20 × 0.2–0.5 cmSurfacehispid on both surfaces with tubercle-based hairsglabrous or thinly to densely pilose with tubercle-based hairstuberculate-hispid with tubercle-based hairs or glabrescenthispid on both surfaces with tubercle-based hairsglabrous or pilose or upper surface with short hairs just above ligule, smooth and somewhat scabrid on lower surfaceMarginscaberulous-scabrous-scabrid or often denely ciliatePanicleAppearanceopen or loosely contractedopen or loosely contractednarrowly oblong densenarrowly cylindrical, loosely contracted, dense narrowly elliptic in outlineSize40–65 cm long10–50 cm long30–65 cm long9.5–42 cm long10–17 cm longAxil of rachisvillous--usually villousdensely and finely ciliateCentral axissmooth, scabrid towards apex, strongly striate (striations wavy), glabrousscaberulous or almost smoothscaberulousscabrid, striate, sparsely pubescentscabrid-hispidulousPanicle branches Size2–20 cm7–20 cm5–25 cm1.8–10 (–11.5) cm3-6 cmArrangementalternate, opposite, subopposite or whorled, erectalternate or pseudo-whorled or subverticillate or fascicledcrowded in whorls or usually crowded in alternate, suberect whorlsIrregular or sub-whorledBranching patternlower branches with several branchlets, upper ones mostly simplesimple or lowest branched-usually simple or occasionally with secondary branches-Arrangement of spikeletsloosely spiculateloosely to densely spiculatedensely spiculate, concealing the stout main axisdensely spiculate, spike-likeloosely spiculateSpikelet4–5 mm long3–5.5 mm long3–5 mm long2.5–3.7 mm long3.8–4.5 mm longPedicelSize1.2–8 mm long,shorter or equal to spikelets0.5–5 mm long,0.3–2.2 mm longshorter than the spikeletsSurfacescaberulous-scaberulousscabrous or hispidhairy or scabridLower glumeSize2.8–4 × 0.9–1.5 mm3–3.5 mm long3–4 mm long1.9–3.1 mm long2.5–3 mm longVein features(4–)5–7-veined, midvein keeled, scabrid towards apex, rarely scabrid throughoutstrongly 3-veined, veins scabrid3–5-veined, scabrid on veins3–5-veined, scabrous 3–5-veined on veinsUpper glumeSize(3.8–)4.2–5 × 1–1.5 mm 3.5–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm4–5 × 1–1.2 mm-as long as spikeletVein features5–7-veined, usually glabrous, sometimes veins with few hispid hairs and margins sparsely hairyfaintly 5-veined3–5-veined, glabrous or scaberulous on veins5-veined, glabrous5-veined, scabrid on veinsLower floretNaturealways bisexualstaminate or barrenstaminatestaminate or barrenstaminateSizelonger than lower glumeequaling or longer than lower glumeslightly longer than lower glume-as long as lower glumeLower lemmaSize3–4 × 1–1.6 mm2.5−3.5 mm long3−3.5 mm long,1.9−2.9 mm long-Vein features(5–)7-veined, only the midvein somewhat keeled at apex3–5-veined3−5-veined3−5-veined5-veinedSurfaceglabrous, rarely sparsely hairy at margin, smoothglabrous, smooth---Upper lemmaSize2–2.2 mm long1–2 mm long,2−2.5 mm long1.6−2.3 mm long2–3 mm longApexusually retuse (- emarginate), sometimes one lobe attached to awn, often obtuse (then awn terminal), fimbriolatebifidminutely bifidapex narrowed into a subentire or very poorly developed minutely lobed awn or awnlessSurfaceglabrouspubescent below---Upper paleaSize2.3–2.4 × 0.5–0.6 mm1−2.5 mm long2−2.5 mm long1.6−2.1 mm longshorter and narrowerApexacute with few ciliaminutely bifiddentate, minutely bifidacute-Marginmargin auriculate (door-like flaps); auricle obliquely obovate-spathulate, strongly overlappingmargin with door-like flaps---Surfacechartaceous, granulate dorsallysubcoriaceous, granulate dorsally--minutely scabridAwnSize(2–)4–5 mm long3.5–6 mm long4–5 mm longup to 2 mm long2.7–6 mm longNaturepersistentpersistentpersistentsoon deciduous-Callus hairs1/4–1/2 length of lemma1/4–1/3 length of lemmaca. 1/4 length of lemma1/10–1/5 length of lemmaca. 1/2 length of lemma.Anthers1–2 × 0.2–0.5 mm long0.8−1.5 mm long1–1.8 mm long0.7–1.1 mm longca. 1 mm long ......continued on the next page