Highly Parameterized openLCA Model of a Novel Carbon-Negative BECCS Power Plant

Biomass co-firing with carbon capture and storage is a promising avenue for producing carbon negative power. This work shows the final iteration of a midpoint attributional lifecycle assessment (LCA) on the front-end engineering design (FEED) stage of a plant which combusts forest residue biomass, waste coal product, and virgin coal to produce power. The LCA was performed in accordance with the 21st century power plant (21CPP) initiative and extends upon work performed by (Bennett et al. 2023), wherein the global warming potential of an initial plant design was assessed during a pre-FEED study. LCA was integrated into plant design from an early stage to identify environmental hot-spots, inform design decisions, and identify the fraction of biomass which must be fired to achieve a carbon negative footprint. The final plant design uses a novel combination of pressurized fluidized bed combustors (PFBCs) and an atmospheric fluidized bed biomass boiler to achieve targeted efficiency and electricity generation goals. The proposed plant generates -70 to -100 gCO2eq/kWh produced (depending on the biomass process unit used), when 20% forest residue biomass is fired on an energy basis, and virgin coal is mixed with waste coal on a 50% mass basis.生物质混燃耦合碳捕集与封存技术是实现负碳电力生产的极具前景的技术途径。本研究展示了针对某以森林残余生物质、废弃煤制品与原煤为燃料开展发电的电厂前端工程设计（FEED）阶段的归因型生命周期评价（LCA）的最终迭代版本。本次LCA依据21世纪电厂（21CPP）倡议开展，并拓展了Bennett等人2023年的研究工作——后者在预FEED阶段的研究中评估了初始电厂设计的全球变暖潜势。研究团队在早期设计阶段便将LCA融入电厂设计流程，用于识别环境热点、为设计决策提供科学依据，并确定实现负碳足迹所需掺入的生物质占比。最终确定的电厂设计创新性地结合了增压流化床燃烧器（PFBCs）与常压流化床生物质锅炉，以达成预设的效率与发电目标。当按能量基准掺入20%的森林残余生物质、且原煤与废弃煤按质量占比50%混合时，该拟建电厂的碳排放为-70至-100 gCO2eq/kWh（具体数值取决于所采用的生物质处理单元）。