Anterior Segment Measurement and Reproducibility in Pediatric Eyes Using Quantitative Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
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The purpose of this study is to provide an evidence-based protocol for iris measurement from ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images with reproducibility analysis and resulting normative iris thickness dataset of the pediatric human iris by age. Healthy pediatric subjects (14 subjects, 25 eyes, mean age 2.0 ± 1.2 years) were recruited prospectively and underwent UBM imaging. Iris parameters were measured in 4 UBM images per eye in raw image and processed edge detection format. Agreement and variability were evaluated. Regression assessed the association between measurement differences and the variables expected to influence measurement reproducibility (image quality, orientation, and processing). Iris thickness by age was reported. Intraclass correlation was >0.6 and correlation was >0.7 for all parameters. Coefficient of variation was <30% for iris measurements not involving the ciliary body. Image quality improved reproducibility but was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.10). Age of subject, edge detection, and image orientation were also not significant. Iris thickness increased with increasing age (<i>r</i> = 0.63, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). This study demonstrated reproducible iris measurements using a prospective protocol. We found image features, including image quality and edge detection pre-processing, were not critical to reproducibility. In the future, clinical correlations with iris morphology may be more rigorously studied using a well-defined, reproducible, and quantitative approach as presented in this UBM-based image analysis protocol.
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Taylor & Francis创建时间：
2025-05-28
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Anterior Segment Measurement and Reproducibility in Pediatric Eyes Using Quantitative Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
The purpose of this study is to provide an evidence-based protocol for iris measurement from ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images with reproducibility analysis and resulting normative iris thickness dataset of the pediatric human iris by age. Healthy pediatric subjects (14 subjects, 25 eyes, mean age 2.0 ± 1.2 years) were recruited prospectively and underwent UBM imaging. Iris parameters were measured in 4 UBM images per eye in raw image and processed edge detection format. Agreement and variability were evaluated. Regression assessed the association between measurement differences and the variables expected to influence measurement reproducibility (image quality, orientation, and processing). Iris thickness by age was reported. Intraclass correlation was >0.6 and correlation was >0.7 for all parameters. Coefficient of variation was <30% for iris measurements not involving the ciliary body. Image quality improved reproducibility but was not statistically significant ( p = 0.10). Age of subject, edge detection, and image orientation were also not significant. Iris thickness increased with increasing age ( r = 0.63, p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated reproducible iris measurements using a prospective protocol. We found image features, including image quality and edge detection pre-processing, were not critical to reproducibility. In the future, clinical correlations with iris morphology may be more rigorously studied using a well-defined, reproducible, and quantitative approach as presented in this UBM-based image analysis protocol.
DataCite Commons2025-08-19 更新60
Pattern of eye diseases in children of 5-15 years at Bazzertaline Area (South Karachi) Pakistan
Pattern of eye diseases in children of 5-15 years at Bazzertaline Area (South Karachi) Pakistan
Global Health Data Exchange ()60
Comparison of cycloplegia at 20- and 30-minutes following proxymetacaine and cyclopentolate instillation in white 12-13-year-olds
Reducing the time between drop instillation and refraction reduces the time paediatric patients and young adults spend in practice, facilitating more eye examinations daily. The current procedure for paediatric cycloplegic refraction is to wait for at least 30-minutes post-instillation of a cycloplegic before measuring spherical equivalent refraction. This study compared cycloplegia at 20- and 30-minutes following 0.5% proxymetacaine and 1.0% cyclopentolate in 12-13-year-olds. Participants were 99 white 12-13-year-olds. One drop of proxymetacaine hydrochloride (Minims, 0.5% w/v, Bausch & Lomb, UK) followed by one drop of cyclopentolate hydrochloride (Minims, 1.0% w/v, Bausch & Lomb, UK) was instilled into both eyes. Spherical equivalent refraction was measured by autorefraction (Dong Yang Rekto ORK-11 Auto Ref-Keratometer) at 20- and 30-minutes post-instillation. Data were analysed through paired t-testing, correlations, and linear regression analysis. There was no significant difference in level of cycloplegia achieved at 20- (Mean spherical equivalent refraction (standard deviation) 0.438 (1.404) D) and 30-minutes (0.487 (1.420) D) post-eyedrop instillation (t (98) = 1.667, p = 0.099). The mean spherical equivalent refraction difference between time points was small (0.049 (0.294) D, 95% confidence interval =-0.108 ̶ 0.009D). Agreement indices: Accuracy = 0.999, Precision = 0.973, Concordance = 0.972. Spherical equivalent refraction at 20- and 30-minutes differed by ≤0.50D in 92% of eyes, and by There was no clinically significant difference in spherical equivalent refraction or level of cycloplegia at 20- and 30-minutes post-eyedrop instillation. The latent time between drop instillation and measurement of refractive error may be reduced to 20 minutes in White 12-13-year-olds and young adults. Further studies must determine if these results persist in younger children and non-White populations.
Figshare2023-02-07 更新20
Causes of visual impairment and blindness in children in three ecological regions of Nepal: Nepal Pediatric Ocular Diseases Study
Causes of visual impairment and blindness in children in three ecological regions of Nepal: Nepal Pediatric Ocular Diseases Study
Global Health Data Exchange ()40
Additional file 1 of Pediatric traumatic cataracts: 10-year experience of a tertiary referral center
Additional file 1. Data Sheet 1: Raw Data of the Manuscript.
DataCite Commons2022-05-10 更新50
Ophthalmic Presentation of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in Children (Case Series and Literature Review)
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare aggressive brainstem lesion, affecting mainly young children. This report describes sixth cranial nerve palsy as the initial ophthalmic presentation in children with this pathology. Case series and literature review. All children presented with sixth nerve palsy were consecutively recruited from the pediatric clinic at the East Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust within the last 10 years. Full ophthalmic examination, orthoptic assessment, and refraction check were done in three patients. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was carried out using 1.5 Tesla (Siemens Symphony, Erlangen, Germany) to establish the diagnosis. The patients’ age ranged from 5 to 14 years at the time of presentation. All presented with sudden onset esotropia and limited abduction, suggestive of presence of sixth nerve palsy, requiring urgent medical attention. On detailed questioning and assessment, all children showed various neurological symptoms including nystagmus, liquid dysphagia, balance problems, and nocturnal enuresis. Two out of three patients died within 7 months following diagnosis. Sudden onset esotropia, especially due to sixth nerve palsy in children, should be considered a red flag symptom, prompting proper urgent specialist assessment. Sixth nerve palsy in patients with DIPG was associated with severely reduced life expectancy in this case series of three patients, shorter than in reported non-ophthalmic presentations.
DataCite Commons2025-04-02 更新60
Choroidal thickness measurement in healthy pediatric population using Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography
Purpose: To investigate the association between central choroidal thickness (CT), axial length (AL), age, gender, and refractive error in a healthy pediatric population using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: This institutional study involved 137 healthy children (57 boys, 80 girls) aged between 4 and 18 years. Each child underwent a dilated eye examination, cycloplegic refraction, and AL measurement using a Nidek AL-Scan optical biometer. The central foveal thickness (CFT) and CT were measured using Cirrus high definition (HD)-OCT. The right eye of each subject was selected for analysis. Results: The mean age of the children was 10.0 ± 4.7 years (range, 4-18 years). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -0.24 ± 1.24 diopters (D) (range, -2.00 D to +2.25 D). The mean AL was 23.1 ± 1.2 mm (range, 20-27 mm). The mean central CT was 388.2 ± 50.0 μm and was not correlated with age, gender, AL, or refractive error. Conclusion: The data provide a pediatric normative database of CT using enhanced depth imaging OCT. This information may be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of retino-choroidal diseases in children.
DataCite Commons2020-08-28 更新30
Clinical characteristics of children with vergence abnormalities.
LE, RE, left eye, right eye. The deviation of the eyes was assessed with cover-uncover test and prism; the binocular vision was evaluated with the TNO test for stereoscopic depth discrimination. Negative values represent a divergent deviation, positive values a convergent deviation.
NIAID Data Ecosystem10
High prevalence of strabismic visual field expansion in pediatric homonymous hemianopia
Data sharing for the manuscript "High prevalence of strabismic visual field expansion in pediatric homonymous hemianopia"
NIAID Data Ecosystem30
EED-Astig
We collected data from 640 children aged 3-6 years who underwent routine vision examinations at the outpatient department of Peking University First Hospital between January 1 and June 30, 2025. We present EED-Astig, a new multimodal pediatric dataset for AI-based astigmatism severity prediction.The dataset is released as a single compressed file named `EED-Astig.zip`, which, upon extraction, reveals two main directories: **Images** and **Annotations**, along with an additional file **Parameter.xls**, each containing 3088 files. The Images folder stores all periocular photographs in JPEG format (.jpg), named according to the convention `[group_index].[view_index].jpg`, where `group_index` identifies the subject group and `view_index` (ranging from 1 to 5) specifies the capture perspective—1 for frontal view of both eyes, 2 and 3 for frontal views of the right and left eye respectively, and 4 and 5 for side views of the right and left eye. The Annotations folder contains a corresponding JSON file for every image, sharing the same filename, with annotation content varying by view type: frontal-view images (.1, .2, .3) are annotated with keypoint coordinates (e.g., canthi, lower eyelid points) and corneal segmentation masks, while side-view images (.4, .5) contain keypoints marking the start and end of the eyelash line, all meticulously labeled by professional ophthalmologists and rigorously verified to ensure high data quality and accuracy. The Parameter.xls file provides demographic and clinical metadata, including gender, height, screen time, and birth history, for each subject group, enabling comprehensive supervised learning for astigmatism severity assessment.
DataCite Commons2025-09-26 更新50
EED-Astig
We collected data from 640 children aged 3-6 years who underwent routine vision examinations at the outpatient department of Peking University First Hospital between January 1 and June 30, 2025. We present EED-Astig, a new multimodal pediatric dataset for AI-based astigmatism severity prediction.The dataset is released as a single compressed file named `EED-Astig.zip`, which, upon extraction, reveals two main directories: **Images** and **Annotations**, along with an additional file **Parameter.xls**, each containing 3088 files. The Images folder stores all periocular photographs in JPEG format (.jpg), named according to the convention `[group_index].[view_index].jpg`, where `group_index` identifies the subject group and `view_index` (ranging from 1 to 5) specifies the capture perspective—1 for frontal view of both eyes, 2 and 3 for frontal views of the right and left eye respectively, and 4 and 5 for side views of the right and left eye. The Annotations folder contains a corresponding JSON file for every image, sharing the same filename, with annotation content varying by view type: frontal-view images (.1, .2, .3) are annotated with keypoint coordinates (e.g., canthi, lower eyelid points) and corneal segmentation masks, while side-view images (.4, .5) contain keypoints marking the start and end of the eyelash line, all meticulously labeled by professional ophthalmologists and rigorously verified to ensure high data quality and accuracy. The Parameter.xls file provides demographic and clinical metadata, including gender, height, screen time, and birth history, for each subject group, enabling comprehensive supervised learning for astigmatism severity assessment.
Figshare2025-09-26 更新10
Evaluation of corneal tomography in children and adolescents without ocular or systemic allergy
ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine normal corneal tomographic parameters in children and adolescents without corneal disease or atopy diagnosis. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated patients aged 8-16 years who underwent a complete slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination and tomographic corneal evaluation by a dual Scheimpflug analyzer, excluding those with ocular disease (including allergic conjunctivitis) or a positive prick test for systemic atopies. Results: A total of 170 patients were evaluated, and 34 patients (68 eyes) were analyzed once the exclusion criteria were applied. The sample’s mean age was 10.76 ± 2.31 years; with 19 (55.9%) men and 15 (44.1%) women. The mean keratometry in the flat meridian (Kflat), steep meridian (Ksteep), and maximum (Kmax) were 42.37 ± 1.63D, 43.53 ± 1.65D, and 43.90 ± 1.73D, respectively. The mean values for corneal asphericity (ε2) and thinnest point were 0.28 ± 0.11 and 550.20 ± 37.90 μm, respectively. The inferior-superior asymmetry ratio (I-S) and coma were 0.74 ±0.59D and 0.28 ± 0.12D, respectively. Conclusion: The knowledge of normal corneal tomographic parameters and their variation in children and adolescents without corneal disease or atopy may be useful for diagnosing keratoconus and initiating early disease treatment.
DataCite Commons2022-07-16 更新40
STUDY OF OCULAR ANOMALIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AT RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Introduction: The human eye develops from a complex interplay between three germ layers. i.e surface ectoderm, neuroectoderm, the mesoderm. The basic morphogenetic process of the eye is completed at the end of the 2nd month of gestation but the complete maturation takes place only after birth. Any derangement of the development process leads to a different congenital ocular anomaly. Many children with congenital ocular anomalies have low vision. Therefore, there is a growing need for early screening, detection, and treatment by pediatric or trained ophthalmologists who may provide the rehabilitation of these cases. Aims and Objectives: To study the distribution of various ocular anomalies and to study its association with known risk factors (like consanguinity, antenatal insults like maternal malnutrition and infections, etc) in the pediatric age group at tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: An Observational, Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, and Hospital Based Study in patients age group upto 18 years attending Ophthalmology OPD and referred patients at Dr. VitthalraoVikhePatilPravara Rural Hospital, Loni over 12 months period from March 2023 to February 2024. A total of 50 patients with congenital anomalies were screened and evaluated. Results: In this study, the range was from birth to 18 years of age. 40% of the cases(20 patients) were in the age group 1 year. Out of 50 patients, there were 33 males (66%) and 17 females (34%). History of consanguinity present in 26% (13 patients) of cases. Antenatal insults present in 10% (5 patients) of cases. In this study, 18 patients in pre-school age were following the torch light as they were 1 yr of age. Total 9 (18%) patients had vision 3/60. Severe visual impairment ( 6/60-3/60) seen in 4 (8%) patients. Moderate visual impairment ( 6/18-6/60) seen in 11 (22%) patients. Mild or no visual impairment (6/18 or better) in 6 (12%) patients. The most common anomaly in our study was congenital dacryocystitis (30%), followed by congenital cataract (20%), followed by squint (18%), followed by ptosis (18%) and others were 14%. Conclusion: Congenital ocular anomaly is one of the important cause of childhood blindness. Proper knowledge of the developmental pathogenesis of congenital ocular anomalies is highly important for correct diagnosis. The findings of our study can act as a reference guide for clinicians and health professionals for counselling, health planning and creating community awareness.
NIAID Data Ecosystem10
Baseline values and SFCTs by age.
PurposeThe aim was to analyze the association of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with age, best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, and axial length in Taiwan pediatric population.MethodsA total of 374 eyes in 187 children were enrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional comparative study, who underwent examinations of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and axial length (AL). Subfoveal choroidal thickness was assessed utilizing spectral domain enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), with measurements taken at the subfovea, defined as the distance from the retinal pigment epithelium to the chorioscleral border.ResultsThe mean age was 5.6 ± 1.9 years (range 2–16 years). The cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error was between + 7.25 and - 15.25 diopters (D) and cycloplegic sphere power was between + 8.25 and - 11.5 diopters (D). The mean SFCT was 299.0 ± 69.80 μm. The mean axial length was 22.87 ± 1.29 mm. In univariate analysis, SFCT had significant positive correlations with spherical equivalent (SE) and sphere power (p ConclusionsThis study showed that mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 299.0 ± 69.80 μm among Taiwanese children. The SFCT was thinner in myopic, longer axial length, and lower cylinder power eyes.
Figshare2025-05-19 更新00
Orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis in childhood
Orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis in childhood
Global Health Data Exchange ()60
Additional file 1 of Pediatric traumatic cataracts: 10-year experience of a tertiary referral center
Additional file 1. Data Sheet 1: Raw Data of the Manuscript.
DataCite Commons2022-05-10 更新70
Demographic data of enrolled subjects (N = 64 children, 128 eyes).
Demographic data of enrolled subjects (N = 64 children, 128 eyes).
NIAID Data Ecosystem50
Clinical characteristics of the eyes with or without a staphyloma in children.
Clinical characteristics of the eyes with or without a staphyloma in children.
NIAID Data Ecosystem30
Table_1_Dizziness and Convergence Insufficiency in Children: Screening and Management.pdf
ObjectiveIn children screened for dizziness with vergence disorders, we tested short and long term efficacy of orthoptic vergence training (OVT) and instructions to reduce screen usage. MethodsProspective study: Of the 179 children referred for vertigo or dizziness (over 3 years) with ophthalmological disorder as the only problem after complete oto-neuro-vestibular testing, 69 presented vergence insufficiency, and 49 accepted to participate in this study. 109 healthy children served as controls. All subjects had classic orthoptic evaluation and video binocular movement recordings during various oculomotor tasks. Patients were evaluated before OVT (M0), 3 months after the end of OVT (M3) and 9 months after the end of OVT (M9). Statistics compared orthoptic and oculomotor parameters between patients and controls over time with one-way ANCOVA, and mixed models, controlling for age and gender. ResultsPatients reported vertigo that was usually rotatory, lasting <15 min, associated with or alternating with headache (50%). Their exposure to small video screens and TV was intensive (∼3.6 h per day). At M0, all orthoptic and oculomotor parameters were statistically different in patients relative to controls (p < 0.0001) except for divergence. At M3, vertigo symptoms had disappeared in all of the patients, and all eye movement parameters improved significantly (p < 0.0001). At M9, this improvement remained stable or continued. ConclusionVergence disorders (assessed by abnormal orthoptic and oculomotor parameters) can generate symptoms of dizziness in children. Orthoptic treatment and instruction to reduce screen usage has a significant and long term effect on vertigo symptoms as well as oculomotor performances. Dizzy children should be screened for vergence disorders. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSDizziness in children can be associated exclusively with insufficient convergence. Orthoptic training and instructions to reduce screen exposure made dizziness symptoms disappear and improved all eye movement parameters for 6 months. Vergence disorders should be screened for in dizzy children.
NIAID Data Ecosystem10
Pediatric traumatic cataract review: origin of the trauma
Abstract Objective: To identify the main causes of traumatic cataracts in childhood, based on a scientific review. Methods: Review in Lilacs, Pubmed, Cochrane, Bireme and Sciencedirect databases for the keywords: infant cataract, traumatic cataract, child, pediatrics, low vision, blindness, cause, incidence, ocular trauma. Results: Seventy-two (72) articles on traumatic cataract were found. From these, 17 presented tables relating the cause of ocular trauma to the formation of cataract in pediatrics. This article presents the main findings and analysis of the topic in the literature. Conclusion: The traumas etiologies which were most prominent in the studies analyzed were pointed objects such as cuttings, splinters and wood stick. Boys were more affected and there was a relation with practice of internal and external activities of domicile, in rural and urban zones.
Figshare2019-05-01 更新20
