Data for: Ricardian productivity differences and the gains from trade

Abstract of associated article: This paper evaluates the role of sectoral heterogeneity in determining the gains from trade. We first show analytically that in the presence of sectoral Ricardian comparative advantage, a one-sector sufficient statistic formula that uses total trade volumes as a share of total absorption systematically understates the true gains from trade. Greater relative sectoral productivity differences lead to larger disparities between the gains implied by the one-sector formula and the true gains. Using data on overall and sectoral trade shares in a sample of 79 countries and 19 sectors we show that the multi-sector formula implies on average 30% higher gains from trade than the one-sector formula, and as much as 100% higher gains for some countries. We then set up and estimate a quantitative Ricardian–Heckscher–Ohlin model in which no version of the formula applies exactly, and compare a range of sufficient statistic formulas to the true gains in this model. Confirming the earlier results, formulas that do not take into account the sectoral heterogeneity understate the true gains from trade in the model by as much as two-thirds. The one-sector formulas understate the gains by more in countries with greater dispersion in sectoral productivities.关联论文摘要：本文评估了部门异质性（sectoral heterogeneity）在决定贸易收益（gains from trade）中所发挥的作用。我们首先通过理论分析表明，在存在部门李嘉图比较优势的前提下，以总贸易额占总吸收（total absorption）份额为依据的单部门充分统计量公式（one-sector sufficient statistic formula），会系统性低估真实的贸易收益。部门间相对生产率差异越大，单部门充分统计量公式隐含的贸易收益与真实收益之间的差距就越大。我们利用涵盖79个国家、19个部门的总体贸易份额与分部门贸易份额数据开展实证分析，结果显示多部门公式（multi-sector formula）估算的贸易收益平均较单部门公式高出30%，部分国家的贸易收益可比单部门公式估算值高出100%。随后我们构建并估计了一个量化的李嘉图-赫克歇尔-俄林模型（Ricardian–Heckscher–Ohlin），该模型无法严格适配任何一种现有充分统计量公式，并将一系列充分统计量公式的估算结果与该模型中的真实贸易收益进行了对比。本次验证确认了此前的研究结论：未考虑部门异质性的公式会将该模型中的真实贸易收益低估最多三分之二。部门生产率离散程度越高的国家，单部门公式对贸易收益的低估幅度也就越大。