Amulti-channel spatial photonic Ising machine for the 102400-spin 0-1 knapsack problem solving.

Combinatorial optimization problems are challenging for classical computing architectures, motivating the development of specialized hardware like Ising machines. The Spatial Photonic Ising Machine (SPIM) and its enhanced versions have shown promise in solving such problems by mapping them to the Ising model and leveraging optical parallelism to compute Hamiltonian energies efficiently. However, the 0-1 knapsack problem, as a represen tative combinatorial optimization problem, has only been reported to have good solving in small-scale SPIM. In this work, we analyze the factors that limit the spin scalability and propose a novel adjustment to the Hamiltonian mapping scheme to overcome this limitation. The scheme is validated through simulated annealing experiments on a 102400 spin 0-1 knapsack problem, achieving high average solution accuracy. This dataset contains the experimental data raising during the research.