Quality of Life Survey 2009, Round 1 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) (based at the University of Johannesburg (UJ)) in partnership with the Gauteng Provincial Government, contracted Development Research Africa (DRA) to conduct an integrated Quality of Life/Customer Satisfaction Survey in the Gauteng City-Region (GCR). The objective of the GCRO is to assist the Gauteng Government to build Gauteng as an integrated and globally competitive region, where the economic activities of different parts of the province complement each other in consolidating Gauteng as an economic hub of Africa, and an internationally recognised global city-region. The this end, the main aim of the survey, conducted from July to October 2009, was to inform the GCRO and the Provincial Government, as well as other role-players about the perceived state of the municipalities within the GCR footprint about the quality of life of their inhabitants.

Geographic coverage
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The Quality of Life Survey covers the whole of Gauteng and also areas with GCR 'footprints' in the four neighbouring provinces of Free State, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The Gauteng City-Region Observatory Quality of Life Survey 2009 covered all household residents of Gauteng and selected areas of the four neighbouring provinces of Free State, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.

Kind of data
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Qualitative and quantitative data

Sampling procedure
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For the purpose of this study, multi-stage cluster sampling was used as no sampling frame containing all members in the universe or population exists. The sample was drawn in stages, with wards being selected at the first stage, dwelling
units within the wards being selected in the second stage and respondents selected at the third stage.

Phase 1
The wards formed the primary sampling units (PSUs). A random starting point(s) was used as a method to select the dwelling units to be surveyed. A total number of 602 wards in 4 provinces (Gauteng 448 wards), (Mpumalanga 72 wards), (North-West 70 wards) and (Free State 12 wards) were completed. A total of 6639 interviews were completed in these wards.

Phase 2
During the second phase, the field teams were required to complete a certain number of interviews, depending on the population size of that particular ward. The teams had to complete for an example in ward X 3 interviews and in ward Y they had to complete 33 interviews. This meant that the field teams had different target number of interviews that they needed to complete in all the pre-selected wards. Ward maps were obtained before fieldwork commenced, and random starting points were identified, marked and numbered on the map. This allowed for the random selection of one (if more than one existed) starting point. The field managers concerned will firstly identify where the starting point(s) is/are on the ground. Oncethat has been established he/she will from the starting point count 20 households from the starting point moving to his/her left. The 20th household that he/she has selected was the household were the interviews was supposed to take place Thereafter, the next 20th household was selected and approached until the target number of interviews was obtained.

The following process of household selection was adhered to:
From the starting point 20 houses were counted in a ward. However, if there were:

• 1-5 target number of interviews to be completed in a ward; 01 starting point was used;
• 6-10 target number of interviews to be completed in a ward; 02 starting points were used;
• 11-15 target number of interviews to be completed in the ward; 03 starting points were used;
• 16-20 target number of interviews to be completed in the ward; 04 starting points were used;
• 21-25 target number of interviews to be completed in the ward; 05 starting points were used; and
• 25 and above target number of interviews to be completed in a ward; 06 starting points were used

In the case of a household refusal or if a selected respondent was mentally disabled, the household was immediately substituted with the household on the left. If still there was no interview completed then another substitution, going to the right of the originally selected household, was done. In case of non-contact whereby there was no-one home after two visits at two different times (afternoon and evenings) on the same day, the same substitution method was followed. Therefore, at least two-revisits at different times were done in cases where selected dwelling units, households or individuals were not at home i.e. non-contact. However, in some cases households visited after 19:00 on the day were substituted as agreed to in order to ensure that all the target number of households would be completed in the allocated time per ward.

Phase 3
For the purpose of this study, one randomly selected household respondent was selected per household. All household members qualified if they met the following criteria:
• Resident(s) of the household irrespective of nationality but excluding nonresidents and visitors; and
• 18 years of age or older
• In the event of a child headed household (all household members are under 18 years old), the oldest child was assumed to be the head of household, and should be interviewed
If more than one eligible person was found per dwelling unit, the ideal and most practical and accurate method of random selection of an individual was the use of a KISH grid. One individual per household was selected using the KISH grid after a comprehensive listing exercise was completed of all eligible individuals at the dwelling unit. Once the respondent had been selected the fieldworker will follow up only that person per household. If selected, substitutions could not be made where there were refusals or non-contact over a period of a day after two or more re-visits on the same day.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The Gauteng City-Region Observatory and Data Research Africa (DRA) developed the quantitative evaluation tool for the survey. DRA reformatted the pre-pilot questionnaire and provided input into the layout and flow as well as question structure to ensure accurate data capturing. DRA field managers piloted the questionnaire with 30 interviews with individuals from households with different demographic characteristics . The Gauteng City-Region Observatory Quality of Life Survey 2009 questionnaire collected data on demographic details of the enumerated population (population group, gender, age, language) and on housing (dwelling type, tenure, satisfaction with dwelling, perceived quality of housing and housing allocation) as well as household services (water, sanitation, refuse, energy sources). Questions included those on migration, health (including disability), education and employment (including employment sector). Questions on community services and amenities were included, and questions on transport, leisure activities and safety and crime. Financial data was collected (including on debts, income, and social grants) and data on household assets. Finally, data on public participation and governance was also collected, and data on the perceived personal wellbeing and quality of life of respondents.

{'Abstract': '摘要
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盖特城区域观察站（GCRO）（位于约翰内斯堡大学（UJ））与豪登省省政府合作，委托非洲发展研究机构（DRA）对盖特城区域（GCR）进行综合生活质量/客户满意度调查。GCRO的宗旨在于协助豪登省政府构建一个一体化且在全球范围内具有竞争力的区域，该区域内的不同部分的经济活动相互补充，共同巩固豪登省作为非洲经济中心和在国际上享有盛誉的全球城市区域。为此，2009年7月至10月进行的调查的主要目标是向GCRO、省政府以及其他相关利益相关者提供关于GCR范围内各市政区域居民生活质量的感知状态的信息。

地理覆盖范围
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生活质量调查覆盖了整个豪登省以及四个邻近省份——自由州、西北省、林波波省和姆普马兰加省的GCR影响区域。

分析单元
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家庭和个人

总体
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2009年盖特城区域观察站生活质量调查涵盖了豪登省的所有家庭居民以及四个邻近省份——自由州、西北省、林波波省和姆普马兰加省的部分地区。

数据类型
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定性和定量数据

抽样程序
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由于不存在包含总体或人口中所有成员的抽样框架，因此本研究采用了多阶段聚类抽样。样本以阶段为单位抽取，首先选择选区作为一级抽样单位（PSU），然后在第二阶段选择选区内的住宅单位，最后在第三阶段选择受访者。

阶段1
选区构成了初级抽样单位（PSU）。使用随机起始点作为选择要调查的住宅单位的方法。在四个省份（豪登省448个选区）、（姆普马兰加省72个选区）、（西北省70个选区）和（自由州12个选区）中完成了总共602个选区。在这些选区中完成了6639次访谈。

阶段2
在第二阶段，根据该特定选区的居民规模，要求现场团队完成一定数量的访谈。例如，在选区X中完成3次访谈，而在选区Y中完成33次访谈。这意味着现场团队在所有预选选区中需要完成的访谈目标数量不同。在实地工作开始之前，获得了选区地图，并在地图上确定了、标记和编号了随机起始点。这允许随机选择一个（如果存在多个）起始点。相关现场经理首先在地面上确定起始点（s）的位置。一旦确定，他/她将从起始点开始计算，向左移动20户人家。他/她所选的第20户人家就是访谈应进行的家庭。此后，选择下一个第20户人家，并继续进行，直到达到目标访谈数量。

以下家庭选择过程被遵循：
从起始点开始，在一个选区内计数20户人家。然而，如果在一个选区内需要完成的访谈目标数量是：
• 1-5个；则使用01个起始点；
• 6-10个；则使用02个起始点；
• 11-15个；则使用03个起始点；
• 16-20个；则使用04个起始点；
• 21-25个；则使用05个起始点；以及
• 25个以上；则使用06个起始点。
在家庭拒绝或所选受访者精神残疾的情况下，立即用左侧的家庭替换。如果仍然没有完成访谈，则进行另一次替换，即从最初所选家庭的右侧进行替换。如果发生无法联系的情况，即两次访问（下午和晚上）同一天后仍无人在家，则遵循相同的替换方法。因此，在选定的住宅单位、家庭或个人不在家的情况下（即无法联系），至少进行了两次不同时间的再次访问。在某些情况下，当天19:00之后访问的家庭被替换，以便确保在每个选区分配的时间内完成所有目标家庭。

阶段3
为了本研究的目的，每个家庭随机选择一名受访者。所有符合以下标准的家庭成员都有资格：
• 家庭居民，无论国籍，但排除非居民和访客；
• 18岁或以上。
在儿童为主的家庭（所有家庭成员都未满18岁）的情况下，假设年龄最大的孩子为家庭负责人，并应接受访谈。
如果每个住宅单位中有多于一个合格的人，那么随机选择一个人的理想且最实用、最准确的方法是使用KISH网格。在完成住宅单位中所有合格个人的全面清点后，使用KISH网格在每个家庭中选择一个人。一旦选定受访者，调查员将只跟踪该家庭中的那个人。如果选定，在一天内两次或更多次重访后出现拒绝或无法联系的情况，不能进行替换。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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盖特城区域观察站和非洲数据研究机构（DRA）开发了调查的定量评估工具。DRA重新格式化了预试点问卷，并在布局、流程以及问题结构方面提供了输入，以确保准确的数据捕获。DRA现场经理使用具有不同人口统计学特征的30个家庭的个人进行了问卷的试点。2009年盖特城区域观察站生活质量调查问卷收集了人口普查人口（人口群体、性别、年龄、语言）的详细人口统计数据，以及住房（住宅类型、占有情况、对住宅的满意度、感知住房质量、住房分配）和家庭服务（水、卫生、垃圾、能源来源）。问题包括关于移民、健康（包括残疾）、教育和工作（包括就业领域）。还包括社区服务和设施的问题，以及关于交通、休闲活动、安全和犯罪的问题。收集了财务数据（包括债务、收入和社会补助）和家庭资产数据。最后，还收集了关于公共参与和治理的数据，以及关于受访者感知的个人福祉和生活质量的数据。'}